Experimental Assessment of Methane Emission in Open Dump Site of MSW

Authors: Chandra Kumar Patel, Alok Agrawal

Abstract- Every day, Jabalpur generates approximately 450 tonnes of waste. A major fraction (45%) of total waste is organic or wet waste, which degrades in the natural environment. This study is focused on the estimation of the carbon footprint of household waste generated in Jabalpur city. Open dumping and landfilling are the prevalent solid waste disposal practices in Jabalpur. Methane emission potential at these sites was estimated by two methods. Results of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method, and closed flux box technique were compared. This study is primarily focused on the estimation of total methane emission potential from waste disposal sites in Jabalpur city if it goes to landfill instead of open dumping and its effect on Jabalpur climatic changes. The results from two estimation methods, i.e. theoretical method and flux box experimental method and information collect waste generation rate and total disposed waste amounts at Kathonda disposal sites in Jabalpur.

Keywords- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Waste generation rate, Total disposed waste

References-

[1] S. Singhal and S. Pandey, “Solid Waste Management of India, Status and Future Direction”, TERI Information monitor on Environment Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2001, pp. 1-4.

[2] CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board), Management of Municipal Solid Wastes, 2005. Details available at , last accessed on 5 July 2006.

[3] M.P.Joshi, S.B.Patil, K. Mourya, “Solid Waste Management on Dumping Ground in Mumbai Region – A Study” International conference on Green Computing and Technology, 2013.

[4] CPCB-NEERI, Survey on Million Plus Cities in India (2004-2005).

[5] A. V. Shekdar, “A Strategy for the Development of Land-fill Gas Technology in India,” Waste Management and Research, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1997, pp. 256-266.

[6] A. K. Jha, C. Sharma, N. Singh, R. Ramesh, R. Purveja and P. K. Gupta, “Greenhouse Gas Emission from Municipal Solid Waste Management in Indian Mega-Cities: A Case Study of Chennai Landfill Sites” , Chemosphere, Vol. 71, No. 4, 2008, pp. 750-758. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.024.

[7] S. Gupta, N. Choudhary and B. J. Alappat, “Bioreactor landfill for MSW Disposal in Delhi”, Proceeding of the International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, Chennai, 2007, pp. 474-481.

Design and Analysis of 3D Bridge Truss Using Steel and Concrete Materials

Authors: Ghassan Shaker Abd, Ahmed Shany Khusheef, Ahmed Mohmad Aliywy, Saddam Hassan Raheemah

Abstract- Today truss structures that are simple to assemble and more economical are used for many purposes such as crossing area, rail road and other transportation bridges. These structures are composed of members that are connected to form a rigid frame of steel and arranged in a triangular manner resulting in the loads carried to become either in tension or compression. In this paper, a 3D bridge truss were designed and analysed in (ANSYS Workbench) with the real time boundary conditions by using steel for the whole structure to determine the static analysis like: axial force, stress , shear stress and deformation. The floor's material of the Bridge was changed from steel to concrete in order to find which combination of materials will give better performances. The results show that using concrete floor can reduces axial force and stress up to 0.64515N and 0.0001233Mpa, respectively while using steel material will reduce bridge's shear stress and deformation up to 7.9015e21Mpa and 3.4888e-8mm, respectively.

Keywords- Floor, chord, Bridge, Steel, Concrete, ANSYS workbench

References-

[1] Desalegn M.,"Design of Simple to Assemble Steel Truss Bridge for Pedestrian Crossing in Addis Ababa," Addis Ababa University, Master Thesis, 2015.

[2] SkyCiv, (last visited in August, 2018). "Types of Truss Structures," Available: https://skyciv.com/education/types-of-trusses/

[3] Aliywy A. M., Khusheef A. S. And G.S. Abd, "Design and Analysis of Three-Link Arm Robot by Using Steel,En-9, and Al-7075," Kut University college, Research & Studies & publishing center, 2017.

[4] Khusheef A. S., " Investigation on the mobile robot navigation in an unknown environment," Edith Cowan University, Master's thesis, Australia, 2013.

[5] Madenci E. and Guven I.,“The Finite Element Method and Applications in Engineering Using Ansys,” The University of Arizona, Springer Science +Business Media, LLC, 2006.

[6] Khusheef A. S., G. Kothapalli, and M. Tolouei-Rad, "Simulation of a mobile robot navigation system," presented at the 19th International Congress on Modeling and Simulation, pages 318-323, Perth, Australia, December 2011.

[7] Sohaib M., “Parameterized Automated Generic Model for Aircraft Wing Structural Design and Mesh Generation for Finite Element Analysis,”Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, 2011.

[8] Khusheef A. S., G. Kothapalli, and M. Tolouei-Rad, “An approach for integration of industrial robot with vision system and simulation software,” Journal of the World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology, 58 (2011) pp. 18-23.

Influence of Elastic and Viscous Effects on Elasto-Viscoplastic Materials

Authors: Giovanni M. Furtado, Renato da Rosa Martins

Abstract— We use a recently proposed model (de Souza Mendes et al. 2011) for elasto-viscoplastic materials to analyze inertia flows inside a lid-driven cavity. The constitutive equation is a modified version of the viscoelastic Oldroyd-B model in which the viscosity, relaxation and retardation times depend on the material struc-turing level. The solution is obtained numerically using a three-field Galerkin leastsquares-like formulation proposed by Behr et al. 1993, in terms of extra-stress, pressure and velocity . The performance of the constitutive equation and the combined effects of, elasticity and viscoplasticity are analyzed. Results focus on the determination of the yielded and unyielded regions revealing striking effects of these parameters on the flow field.

Keywords- Viscoplastic fluid, Elasto-viscoplastic model, Yield stress, Lid-driven cavity, Stabilized methods

References-

[1] Souza Mendes, P.R., and Dutra, E.S.S., 2004, “Viscosity Function for Yield-Stress Liquids”, Applied Rheology, Vol. 14, pp. 296-302.

[2] Souza Mendes, P.R., 2007, “Dimensionless non-Newtonian fluid mechanics”, J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech., Vol. 147, pp. 109-116.

[3] Souza Mendes, P.R., Naccache, M.F., Varges, P.R., Marchesini, F.H., 2007, “Flow of viscoplastic liquids through axisymmetric expansions-contractions”, J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech., Vol. 142, pp. 207-217.

[4] Behr, M., Franca, L.P., Tezduyar, T.E., 1993. ”Stabilized Finite Element Methods for the Velocity-Pressure-stress Formulation of Incompressible Flows”, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., vol. 104, pp. 31–48.

[5] Renato da R. Martins, Giovanni M. Furtado, Daniel D. dos Santos, Sérgio Frey, Mônica F. Nacacche, Paulo R. de Souza Mendes, Elastic and viscous effects on flow pattern of elasto-viscoplastic fluids in a cavity, Mechanics Research Communications. 53 (2013) 36-42.

[6] D. Sikorski, H. Tabuteau, J. R. de Bruyn, Motion and shape of bubbles 452 rising through a yield-stress fluid, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 159, (2009) 10–16.