Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Twin Leaf form Spring for Damping Engine Vibrations in Agriculture Sprayer

Authors: Sachin Iche, Prof. Dr. F. B. Sayyad

Abstract -Many a agriculture equipment operated as hand held or back mounted are operated using micro – petrol/gasoline engine. These engines range between 1 to 1.5 Kw power and are mounted on the frame that is held and supported on the back of the operator. Generally agriculture spray pumps are commonly used in this manner. The operations of these engines is not vibration free, these vibrations are damped using rubber bushes between engine base and mount plate. As these engine vibrations are substantial they lead to back pain and other health disorders hence need to be effectively damped. The Twin leaf form spring device uses the concept of stiffness of steel and shock absorbing capacity of poly vinyl rubber elastomer to create the desired damping effect. The arrangement will be introduced between the engine base and the mount plate along with foundation bolts. The paper presents the analysis of the elastomer inserts used for damping the top / bottom mount brackets and vibrational performance of the device as to amplitude, velocity and acceleration of the engine base before and after use of damper at various throttle openings.

Keywords- Finite Element Analysis, Agriculture spray, Elastomer inserts, modal analysis. Testing.

References

[1] John C. Snowdon, Vibration isolation: Use and characterization (Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State 20 July 1979)

[2] J. K. Baker, Vibration Isolation (Published for the Design Council, The British Standard Institution, and the Council of Engineering Institutions by Oxford University Press, 1975)

[3] T. P. C. Bramer, G. J. Cole, J. R. Cowell, A. T. Fry, N. A. Grundy, T. J. B. Smith, J. D. Webb, D. R. Winter bottom, Basic Vibration Control (Sound Research Laboratory Limited, 1977)

[4] Department of Mechanical Engineering, Viswanadha Institute of Technology & Management, Static and dynamic analysis on composite leaf spring in heavy vehicle –pp-74-89.

[5] IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Analysis of Steel and Composite Leaf Spring for Vehicle(IOSR-JMCE)e-ISSN: 2278-1684 Volume 5, Issue 4 (Jan. - Feb. 2013), PP 68-76.

[6] Kripa K. Varanasi, Vibration Damping Using Low-Wave-Speed Media with Applications to Precision Machines (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2004)

[7] John D. Ferry, Viscoelastic properties of polymers 3rd Edition, 1980.

[8] Mohammed MathenullaShariff, N. SreenivasaBabu, Dr. JaithirthaRao “Analysis of Glass Epoxy Reinforced Monolithic Leaf Spring”International OPEN ACCESS Journal Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER),ISSN: 2249–6645 , Vol. 4,Iss. 8, ppAug. 2014

[9] T. Bhanuprasad, A Purushotham“Performance Comparative Analysis of S-Glass Epoxy Composite leaf spring with M. S. LEAF SPRING”IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ,Volume 10, Issue 4, pp-38-41, Nov. -Dec. 2013.

[10] Globalindustrial.com2011http://www.globalindustrial.com/g/tools/vi bration-isolators/pads/vibration-isolation-pads

[11] Antivibrationmethods.com. 2011http://www.antivibrationmethods.com/Products/SpringMounts/ Mopla5/tabid/226/Default.aspx

[12] Vibrationmoounts.com 2011http://www.vibrationmounts.com/Store.asp?Page=RFQ/VM050 03.htm

[13] Airpot Corporation.

[14] http://www.airpot.com/html/dashpot.html

White Spot Syndrome, a Widely Prevalent Viral Disease in Cultured Shrimps and Crustaceans of Economic Importance in
Shellfish Aquaculture: A Review

Authors: Subha Ganguly, Rajesh Wakchaure, Praveen Kumar Praveen, Parveez Ahmad Para

Abstract- White spot syndrome affects a wide range of pinnaed shrimps and crustacean hosts. The infection is highly contagious in nature and affects a wide population of shrimps. The mortality rate in this viral infection is very high and so is of economic importance in shrimp farming sectors worldwide. The etiology belongs to the genus Whispovirus, which is the only genus in the family Nimaviridae (ds-DNA virus).

Keywords- Biosecurity, Pinnaed shrimp, WSSV, Economic importance

[1] Lightner, D.V. 1996. A handbook of shrimp pathology and diagnostic procedures for diseases of cultured penaeid shrimp. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.

[2] Chen, S.N. 1995. Current status of shrimp aquaculture in Taiwan. In: C.L. Browdy and J.S. Hopkins. Swimming through troubled water. Proceedings of the special session on shrimp farming. Aquaculture ’95. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. pp. 29–34.

[3] Huang, J., Song, X.L., Yu, J., Yang, C.H. 1995. Baculoviral hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis: study on the pathogen and pathology of the explosive epidemic disease of shrimp. Marine Fisheries Research, 16: 1–10.

[4] Nadala, E.C.B., Tapay, Jr., L.M., Loh, P.C. 1998. Characterization of a non-occluded baculovirus-like agent pathogenic to penaeid shrimp. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 33 (3): 221–229. doi: 10.3354/dao033221

[5] Van Hulten, M.C.W., Witteveldt, J., Peters, S., Kloosterboer, N., Tarchini, R., Fiers, F., Sandbrink, H., Lankhorst, R.K., Vlak, J.M. 2001. The white spot syndrome virus DNA genome sequence. Virology, 286 (1): 7–22. doi: 10.1006/viro.2001.1002

[6] Wang, P.H., Gu, Z.H., Wan, D.H., Zhang, M.Y., Weng, S.P., Yu, X.Q., He, J.G. 2011. The shrimp NF-κB pathway is activated by White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) 449 to facilitate the expression of WSSV069 (ie1), WSSV303 and WSSV371. PLoS One, 6 (9): e24773.

[7] Wongteerasupaya, C., Vickers, J.E., Sriurairatana, S., Nash, G.L., Akarajamorn, A., Boonseang, V., Panyin, S., Tassanakajon, A., Withyachumnarnkul, B. and Flegel, T.W. 1995. A non-occluded, systemic baculovirus that occurs in cells of ectodermal and mesodermal origin and causes high mortality in the black tiger prawn Penaeus monodon. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 21: 69– 77. doi: 10.3354/dao021069

[8] Wang, C.S., Tang, K.F., Kou, G.H., Chen, S.N. 1997. Light and electron microscopic evidence of white spot disease in the giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), and the kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicas (Bate), cultured in Taiwan. Journal of fish Diseases, 20 (5): 323–331. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00301.x

[9] Ganguly, S., Paul, I., Mukhopadhayay, S.K. 2011. Commonly occurring fish diseases, their treatment and prevention. Livestock Line, 4 (9): 23-27.

[10] Proceedings of the XXI Annual Conference of Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologists (IAVP) and National Symposium on “Advances in Pathological Techniques in Diagnosis of Animal, Bird and Fish Diseases”, 23-25 November 2004 at West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata-700 037, West Bengal, India.

Theoretical & Experimental Analysis of Bike Handle Bar

Authors: Atul P. Gund, Dr. F. B. Sayyad

Abstract- All machines, vehicles and buildings are subjected to forces which causes vibration. Many noise and vibration problems that occur are due to resonance phenomena where the operational forces excite one or more modes of vibration. Modes of vibration that lie within the frequency range of the operational forces always represent potential problems. Mode shapes are the dominant motion of a structure at every of its natural or resonant frequencies. Modes are an inherent property of a structure and do not depend upon the forces that act on it. In this paper, optimization and modal analysis of the handle bar of Pulsar 150 is done. Handle bar has been modelled using CATIAV5, meshing will be done in HYPERMESH12.0, and ANSYS will be used for post processing. Boundary forces will be calculated. Static analysis will be done based on which further optimization will be carried out. Re-analysis (modal analysis) will be done on the handle bar by considering glass fibre composite material.

Keywords - Finite Element Analysis, Glass fibre, Handle bar, modal analysis.

References

[1] S. V. Jaswandkar, P.N.Deshmukh, Prof. P.S.Desle ,Swapnil S Kulkarni, (2014)Design Enhancement Of The Handle Bar Assembly Of An Automobile Using Fea, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN2249–8974

[2] Harale Shivraj. N, Gyanendra Roy,(2012) Vibration Analysis of 2 Wheeler Handle-Bar Assembly, HTC 2012.

[3] Rajratna M. Kharat, Dr. K. K. Dhande, (2015)Impact of Vibration on Health of Automobile Rider- A Review, International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 04, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

[4] Harshada G. Deshmukh, S. G. Dambhare, M. R. Phate, (2014) Review And Suggested Generalized Approach To Analyze The Impact Of Vibration On Two Wheeler Rider, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2014

[5] Jaimon Dennis Quadros, Suhas, Vaishak N.L, Shilpa.B, (2013)study of vibration and it s effects on health of a two wheeler rider, IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology EISSN: 2319-1163 PISSN: 2321-7308

[6] Patil Pruthviraj Devidas , Prof. P. N. Ulhe,(2013) Stress analysis for Handle-Bar Housing at the Accelerator of two Wheeler

[7] Amol h. Parihar, Pravin P.Huzare, Swapnil s. kulkarni, (2012)determination of natural frequencies of an handle bar using finite element methods to enhance the strength, international journal of scientific research and management studies ISSN 23493771 volume 1 issue 11, pg: 346-351

[8] Alexandre Callensa, André Bignonnet, (2012)Fatigue design of welded bicycle frames using a multiaxial criterion, 9th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association (ISEA) Procedia Engineering 34 640 – 645.

[9] H. A. Khade and P. A. Narwade, (2014)Structural Analysis of Two Wheeler Handlebar, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol.68 , pp.65-76

Evaluation of Vehicle Parameters Affecting Drivers Fatigue for Van Class Vehicle

Authors: Vishal R. Bhore, Dr. F. B. Sayyad

Abstract- Each Vehicle is an assembly of almost 40 to 45 sub-systems like brakes, steering, seating, powertrain, exhaust, etc. When all these aggregates or sub-systems are sandwiched in to a Monocoque body shell (BIW) it forms a vehicle. Different type of vehicle is designed for different applications, Cars designed for Comfort & Safety whereas, commercial vehicles are designed for Load carrying capacities & durability. Vans are designed for all of these aspects and treated as MUV (Multi utility vehicles). Each vehicle with their own set of aggregates behaves differently to the driver’s command. Vehicle (Vans in our case) reverts the reactions to drivers as per their design sophistication. Such a reactions subject the drivers physically & mentally. There are almost 2250 critical parameters, which need to be evaluated for each van class vehicle. All these vehicle parameters categorized into effort related parameters, Ambiance related parameters (Noise, Visionary field), Road induced vibration related parameters, Ergonomic parameters & Government regulations. Van design parameters must be within the limit, in order to ensure Driver’s stresses & ultimately Driver’s fatigue within the limits. As per the Company market survey Van class drivers are subjected to rough roads & higher speeds for Ambulance kind of application, whereas intermittent city people pickup for mini bus type of applications. Driver’s Physical fatigue is the transient inability of a muscle to maintain optimal physical performance. This project is an attempt to evaluate most critical Van parameters, which directly affect the Driver’s Physical & Psychological Fatigue.

Keywords- Van, Fatigue, Steering Ratio, Driver’s Field of Vision, Interior Noise, Engine mounts stiffness, Ground angles.

References-

[1] Marcora SM, Staiano W, Manning V. (January 2009), Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans, Journal of Applied Physiology, pp 857–864.

[2] Fatality Analysis Report (September 2014), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, USA.

[3] Kazimierz Jamroz, Leszek Smolarek, (2013), Driver Fatigue and Road Safety on Poland’s National Roads, International Journal of Occupational Safety & Ergonomics, Volume-19, pp 297-309.

[4] Onawumi, A. Samuel & Lucas Babajide, (April 2012), Ergonomic Investigation of Occupational Drivers and Seat Design of Taxicabs in Nigeria, APRN Journal of Science and Technology, pp 214.

[5] Farshad Nadri, Mohammad Rezza Monazzam & team, (January 2012), An Invistigation on Occupational Noise Exposure in Kerman Metropolitan Bus Drivers, International Journal of Occupational Hygiene, Volume-4, pp 1-5.

[6] Dean F. Mengel, James Forbes & William Draper, (January 2010), Target Setting Principles and Methods in the Product Development Cycle, SAE International, Volume-3, pp 29-30.

[7] Alexandrino Filho, John L. Scholtes, Marcio Alfonso, Nat Jambulingam, (November 2002), Ford Product Creation Process, 11th International Mobility Technology Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil, SAE International.

[8] AIS-052 Code of Practice for Bus Body Design and Approval, Amendment-6, pp 61-63.

[9] AIS-053 Automotive Vehicles Types-Terminology, Amendment-4, pp 11-12.

Performance of Clam (Egeria Radiata) Shell Ash (CSA) as a Substitute for Cement in Concrete.

Authors: F. A. Olutoge, S. E. Nwabueze, S. O. A. Olawale, B. E. Yabefa

Abstract- Cement is a construction material required on daily basis by the construction industries in every society for the construction of shelters, roads, pavements etc. The high and increasing cost of cement used in these concrete works has made it unaffordable for owner-occupied housing in developing countries. Hence, the need to find alternative material as partial replacement to reduce high cost of construction. This study used an agro-waste material; Clam (Egeria radiata) shells: an environmental pollutant Clam Shell, reduced to Clam Shell Ash(CSA), which was used as partial replacement for Ordinary Portland cement at 0%,5%,10%,15%, and 20%. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) specimens were produced and cured in water for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days respectively. The chemical composition and specific gravity of the CSA together with properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and density were determined. The results showed that CSA contain major metallic oxides present in OPC, though in different percentages. The optimum compressive and split tensile strength were obtained from concretes produced with percentage replacement level of 5% CSA for OPC respectively at 28days curing period. The density of the concrete decreased with increasing CSA.

Keywords— Concrete, Clam (Egeria radiata) Shell Ash, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength.

References-

[1] Aho, M.I and Utseve, J.T (2008). Compressive strength of sandcrete Blocks made with Rice Husk Ash as a partial Replacement for cement. Nigerian journal of Technology, Vol. 27, No. 2 pp 71-77.

[2] BS 12 (1996), Specifications for Portland Cement, British Standards Institute, London

[3] BS 1881: Part 102 Testing Fresh Concrete: Method for determination of slump, British Standards Institute, London, 1983.

[4] BS 1881: Part 116 Method for Determination of Compressive Strength of Concrete, British Standards Institute, London, 1983

[5] BS 1881: Part 117: Testing Concrete method for Determination of tensile splitting strength, British Standards Institute, London, 1983.

[6] BS 1881-125 Testing Concrete: Methods of mixing and sampling fresh concrete in the Laboratory, British Standard Institute, London.

[7] BS 1881: Part 114: 1983 Testing Concrete. Method for determination of density. British Standard Institute, London, 1983.

[8] Etuk , B. R, Etuk, I. F, Asuquo L. O; (2012). Feasibility of using sea shells Ash as Admixtures for concrete. Journal of Environmental Science & Engineering. Jan2012, Vol. 1 Issue 1 A, P121

[9] Elijah. I, Ohimain, Sunday Bassey and Dorcas D.S Bawo (2009). Used of sea shell for civil construction works in coastal Bayelsa State, Nigeria: A waste management perspective. Reseach Journal of Biological Science 4(9): 1025-1031, 2009.

[10] Nehdi, M., Dequette, J.E and Damatty, A. (2003). Performance of rice husk ash produced using a new technology as a mineral admixture in concrete. Cement and concrete Research Journal, 33(8); 1203-1210.

[11] Oyetola, E.B and Abdullahi, M.(2006): the use of rice husk ash in low cost sandcrete blocks production. Leonardo Electronic Journal of practices and Technology; 8:58-70

[12] Olutoge F. A, Oriyaomi M, Okeyinka .S. O (2012). Assesment of the suitability of periwinkle shell Ash (PSA) as partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete. IJRRAS 10(3) 2012. Available at www.arpapress.com/volumes/vol10/ssue3/IJRRAS-10- 3-08.pdf.

[13] Olutoge F.A, Quadri H.A, Olafusi O.S (2012); Investigation of the strength properties of palm kernel shell Ash concrete. Engineering technology and Applied Science Reseach Vol.2, No.6(2012).

[14] Purchion, R.D., (1964) A note on the biology of Egeria radiata L. (Bivalve: Donacidae). Pro. Malacology. Soc. London 35:251-271.

[15] Utsev, J.T, Taku J.K. (2012); Coconut Shell Ash as replacement of OPC in concrete production. International of scientific &Technology Research Vol.1 ISS2277-8616

A Technique to Mitigate Cooperative Blackhole Attack in MANETS

Authors: Roma Chanchlani, Priya Saxena

Abstract- Ad-Hoc is a kind of short durational network that does not have any managing authority which can create a bunch of nodes that can communicate with one another with in a fixed range of transmission and it is infrastructure independent. Open nature of communication make it vulnerable for so many security threats. Cooperative blackhole attack is one of the severe security threat which not only destroy communication but also degrade the performance by dropping the packets. This paper consist the problem observation and mitigate the cooperative blackhole attack using advance hop-count mechanism. It is simulated and evaluated using NS-2.35 simulator.

Keywords- MANET, Cooperative blackhole attack.

References

[1] MarjanKuchaki Rafsanjani, Ali Movaghar, and FaroukhKoroupi, ―Investigating Intrusion Detection Systems in MANET and Comparing IDSs for Detecting Misbehaving Nodes‖, in World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2008.

[2]Elhadi M. Shakshuki, Nan Kang, and Tarek R. Sheltami, ―EAACK— A Secure Intrusion-Detection System for MANETs‖, in IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, ISSN: 0278-0046, Vol. 60, No 3, March 2013.

[3] M Salman Ashraf1 and Muhammad Raheel2, ―RGB Technique of Intrusion Detection in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Mesh Networks‖, IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, ISSN (Online): 1694-0814, Vol. 9, Issue 2, No 2, March 2012, pp 306-313.

[4] S.Mamatha and Dr A Damodaram, ―Quantitative Behaviour Based Intrusion Detection System for MANETS‖, in Proc. of the Intl. Conf. on Advances in Computing and Communication (ICACC), ISBN: 978-981-07-6260-5 doi:10.3850/ 978-981-07-6260-5_59, April 2013.

[5] Umesh Prasad Rout, ―A Study of Intrusion Detection Systems in MANETs‖, in International Journal of Research in Computer and Communication Technology, ISSN(Online) 2278-5841, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Feb-2013.S.Sasikala and M.Vallinayagam

[6] O. V. Chandure , A. P. Bakshi, S. P. Tidke and P. M. Lokhande, ―Simulation of Secure AODV in Gray Hole Attack for Mobile AdHoc Network‖, in International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, ISSN: 2231-1963, Vol. 5, Issue 1, Nov. 2012. , pp. 67-76

[7] Farhan Abdel-Fattah, Zulkhairi Md. Dahalin and ShaidahJusoh, ―Dynamic Intrusion Detection Method for Mobile Ad Hoc Network Using CPDOD Algorithm‖, in IJCA Special Issue on ―Mobile Adhoc Networks‖ MANETs, 2010.

[8] RakeshShrestha, Kyong-Heon Han, Dong-You Choi and Seung-Jo Han, ―A Novel Cross Layer Intrusion Detection System in MANET‖, in IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, ISSN 1550-445X/10, DOI 10.1109/AINA.2010.52, 2010.

[9] Secured Intrusion Detection System in Mobile Ad Hoc Network using RAODV ―, in Proceedings published in International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA), ISSN: 0975 – 8887, ICRTCT2013.

[10] Sagar Pandiya, Rakesh Pandit and Sachin Patel, ―Survey of Innovated Techniques to Detect Selfish Nodes in MANET‖, in International Journal of Computer Networking, Wireless and Mobile Communications (IJCNWMC), ISSN 2250-1568, Vol. 3, Issue 1, Mar 2013, 221-230.

[11] S. P. Manikandan and Dr. R. Manimegalai, ―Evaluation of Intrusion Detection Algorithms for Interoperability Gateways in Ad Hoc Networks‖, in International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE), ISSN: 0975-3397 Vol. 3 No. 9 September 2011.

[12] Tushar Sharma, MayankTiwari, Prateek Kumar Sharma, Manish Swaroop and Pankaj Sharma, ―An Improved Watchdog Intrusion Detection Systems In Manet‖, in International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol. 2 Issue 3, March-2013.