Co Digestion Food Waste with Cow Manure for Efficient Biogas Generation

Author: Akhouri Prashant Sinha

Abstract- The advantages are many but the major need for disposal of waste, especially in development countries, has been in focus. The low proportion of waste collection and waste management structure causes the waste streams to become a visible problem in the highly populated areas. An important waste management technique includes biogas production that along with the production of biogas results in a residue that can be recycled to farmland as fertilizer.

Keywords- Food Waste Collection, Anaerobic digestion Process

References-

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[5] Han, S. K., and H. S. Shin (2004), Biohydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation of food waste, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 29, 569-577.

Biogas Generation through Reused Digested Waste

Author: Jitendra Sharma

Abstract- Eco-friendly and renewable energy is a must in today’s scenario. There are various cellulosic biomass available in the rural areas of developing countries. Biomass acts as a good potential source to cater to the energy demand. The annual generation of biogas is about 18240 million cubic meters (m cu m) [1]. The increasing number of poultry farms is another source which can generate biogas of 2173 m cu m annually. In country like India itself there is huge amount of biomass available which is a good renewable source of energy [1]. Biogas comprises of 60-65% methane (CH4), 35-40% carbon dioxide (CO2), 0.5-1% hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and the rest is water vapor etc. To meet this ever -increasing demand fossils fuel such as coal ,oil, natural gas have been exploited in an unsustainable manner. Digestate is the A by-product of methane and heat production in a biogas plant, is digestate which comes from organic wastes [6]. Depending could be a solid or liquid material based on the biogas technology.

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[2] G. P. Kalle, Kalpana K. Nayak and Christina De Sa “An approach to improve methanogenesis through the use of mixed cultures isolated from biogas digester”., Vol. 9, Numbers 3 &.4, December 1985, pp: 137–144.

[3] B. A. Adelekan1, F. I. Oluwatoyinbo and A. I. Bamgboye “Comparative effects of undigested and anaerobically digested poultry manure on the growth and yield of maize” African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 4 (2), pp: 100-107, February, 2010

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[6]. Digestate: A New Nutrient Source – Review Marianna Makádi, Attila Tomócsik and Viktória Orosz Research Institute of Nyiregyhaza, RISF, CAAES, University of Debrecen, Hungary.

Collaborative Trust based QoS against Sinkhole Attack in MANET

Authors: Ashok Kumar Mishra, Prof. Gajendra Singh

Abstract- The sensor nodes in the network are forming independent network. The limited range sensors maintain the link up to destination in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). In this network nodes are communicate in open medium and by that the communication among the mobile nodes are perform without any centralized authority that's why network security is one of the most important issue in MANET. There are many attackers in MANET like sinkhole attack drop the data packets in network with the support of neighbor attacker. To overcome the disputes, there is a need to build a prevailing security solution i.e. IDS (Intrusion Detection System) that achieves both extensive protection and desirable network performance. The proposed work analyze the profile of each node in network by that malicious effect information is retrieve and IDS is block the malicious activities of attacker. This work analyzes the effect of sinkhole attack through malicious nodes which is probable attacks in MANET The data packets do not reach the destination by that due to this attack, data loss will occur. The damage will be serious if malicious node in a network working as an attacker node absorbs all data packets delivered through them. In this research we proposed a simple IDS Algorithm against dropping attack and measure the network performance after applying IDS. We simulated dropping attacks in network simulator 2 (ns-2) and measured the packet loss in the presence of attacker and in presence of Intrusion Detection System against malicious attack. Our solution improved the 90% network performance in the presence of a packer dropping attacker.

Keywords- Sinkhole attack, IDS, Routing, AODV, Security

[1] Shashi Pratap Singh Tomar,Brijesh Kumar Chaurasia “Detection and Isolation of Sinkhole Attack from AODV Routing Protocol in MANET” 2014 Sixth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks , DOI 10.1109/CICN.2014.171,IEEE, 2014

[2] Ahmad Salehi S., M.A. Razzaque, Parisa Naraei, Ali Farrokhtala “Detection of Sinkhole Attack in Wireless Sensor Networks” Proceeding of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace), 1-3 July 2013, Melaka, Malaysia.

[3] Ngai, E. C. H., Liu, J. and Lyu, M. R. An efficient intruder detection algorithm against sinkhole attacks in wireless sensor networks. Computer communication. 6 May, 2007. Elsevier locate. 2353-2364

[4] Choi, B. G., Cho, H. E., Hong, C. S. and Kim, J. H. A sinkhole Attack detection Mechanism for LQI based Mesh Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. International conference wireless security. 21-24 january (2008). Korea. 65-8

[5] Razzaque, M., et al. (2013). Security and Privacy in Vehicular Ad-Hoc .Networks: Survey and the Road Ahead. Wireless Networks and .Security, Springer: 107-132.

[6] Ioannis Krontiris, Thanassis Giannetsos, Tassos Dimitriou “Launching a Sinkhole Attack in Wireless Sensor Networks; the Intruder Side” IEEE International Conference on Wireless & Mobile Computing, Networking & Communication978-0-7695- 3393-3/08 $25.00 © 2008 IEEE.

[7] Chanatip Tumrongwittayapak and Ruttikorn Varakulsiripunth “Detecting Sinkhole Attacks In Wireless Sensor Networks” ICROS-SICE International Joint Conference 2009 August 18-21, 2009, Fukuoka International Congress Center, Japan.

[8] Christian Cervantes, Diego Poplade, Michele Nogueira and Aldri Santos “Detection of Sinkhole Attacks for Supporting Secure Routing on 6LoWPAN for Internet of Things” 978-3- 901882-76-0 @2015 IFIP.

[9] Soo Young Moon and Tae Ho Cho “Intrusion Detection Scheme against Sinkhole Attacks inDirected Diffusion Based Sensor Networks” IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.9 No.7, July 2009.

[10] K.Venkatraman, J.Vijay Daniel, G.Murugaboopathi “Various Attacks in Wireless Sensor Network: Survey” International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-3, Issue-1, March 2013.

[11] Murad A. Rassam, M.A. Maarof and Anazida Zainal “A Survey of Intrusion Detection Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks” American Journal of Applied Sciences 9 (10): 1636- 1652, 2012.http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/

Configuring Voice over Internet Protocol-VoIP on the LAN

Authors: Dr. Anil Kumar Singh, Dr. Bharat Mishra

Abstract -Voice over IP (VOIP) uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to broadcast voice as packets over an IP network. Therefore, VOIP can be accomplished on any data network that uses IP address, such as Internet, Intranets and Local Area Networks (LAN). The paper provides an overview of the technology and how this technology can be applied for the integration of voice and data networks. It is also focusing on how VoIP configure on LAN and how it works. It will help to students and research scholars to understand the concept of VoIP. This paper discusses the merits and demerits of using VoIP services that may affect those who are new to VoIP.

Keywords- VoIP, Packet Switching, Router, SIP, LAN, PSTN

References-

[1] Unuth Nadeem, What is VoIP? , http://voip.about.com/od/voipbasics/a/whatisvoip.ht m, Updated May 01, 2016.

[2] Rouse Margaret, WhatIs.com VoIP (voice over IP) http://searchunifiedcommunications. techtarget. com/definition/VoIP

Designing of Small Scale Concentrated Solar Power Plant with Revolving Mechanical Arm to Enhance the Power Generation

Authors: Pushpendra Kumar Patel, Adarsh Sachdeva, Dharmendra Yadav

Abstract- Electrification ratio in India by the end of 2014 was about 70%. This means that 30% of people/of the group does not have electricity. So I am designing small scale (focused one's effort/increased/mainly studied) solar power plant with revolving mechanical arm which can be operated in small villages or in that areas were electrification is not possible. Some restrictions of electrification in these areas are the cost of (having different things working together as one unit) grid construction is (compared to other things) high, the limitation of energy useful things/valuable supplies and the population of the area is (compared to other things) small. A small scale (focused one's effort/increased/mainly studied) solar power plant with revolving mechanical arm and (related to energy from plants) energy can be a good choice to solve the electricity problem in these areas. This option is based on the (compared to other things) good possible strength of solar energy in some areas of India which is daily average strength is about 3-5 kWh per day. This presents a series of activities in developing a (focused one's effort/increased/mainly studied) solar power plant which includes the idea-based design of the small-scale system with the ability (to hold or do something) of 10kW.

Keywords- small scale concentrated solar power plant, Revolving mechanical arm.

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[7] Direktorat Jendral Listrik dan Pemanfaatan Energi Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Statistik Ketenagalistrikan dan Energi Tahun 2009, Indonesia, 2010.

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Designing and Optimization of Solar Chimney for Ventilation Spaces

Authors: Chitransh Shrivastava, Adarsh Sachdeva, Dharmendra Yadav

Abstract- A sun oriented stack, frequently alluded to as a warm smokestack is a method for enhancing the normal ventilation of structures by utilizing convection of air warmed by detached sun based vitality. A sun oriented fireplace can likewise be utilized for power era A basic portrayal of a sun oriented smokestack is that of a vertical shaft using sunlight based vitality to upgrade the normal stack ventilation through a building. Here, we concentrate on the late work on sun oriented stacks; their structure, development, utilization and their application.

Keywords- Plywood, Glasses, Black Surface Mat, Temperature Indicator, Thermocouple And Its Wiring, Exhaust Fan’s.

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