Carbon Dioxide Reduction in Diesel Power Generator using Modified Charcoal

Authors: Mylaudy Dr. S Rajadurai, J. Maya

Abstract—Natural calamities and catastrophes are frequently occurring due to climate change caused by global warming. Carbon dioxide is one among the greenhouse gases responsible for enhanced greenhouse effect. Fossil fuel combustion produces maximum amount of CO2 .Reduction of CO2 from internal combustion engines is mandated to control CO2 emission. As a part of our continued effort to control atmospheric CO2 , we have undertaken a study of CO2 absorption using modified charcoals. The results of CO2 reduction from diesel operated generator using charcoal derived from different sources such as coconut shell, coconut trunk, coconut stem and wood are summarized. CO2 absorption on charcoal from coconut shell is 9.8%, where as that on charcoal from coconut trunk and coconut stem are found to be 8.4% during engine zero load condition. CO2 absorption efficiency on all coconut charcoals is less than 10% due to low pore volume ( 500 m 2 /g) shows higher absorption efficiency of CO2 (65%) due to high porosity.

Keywords—Carbon dioxide, Absorption, Adsorption, Activated Charcoal, Charcoal, Coconut stem, Coconut trunk, Coconut Stem.

References-

[1] Albritton ,D.L. et al. Technical Summary. In Climate Change 2001, The Scientific Basis. New York: Cambridge University Press.

[2] Vergragt, P. J., Markusson, N. Karlsson, H. "Carbon capture and storage, bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, and the escape from the fossil-fuel lock-in‖,Global Environmental Change,21 (2): 282S (2011).

[3] ―Global climate change triggered by global warming‖ by Stuart D. Jordan, Center for Inquiry Inc., 2006.

[4] Fisher, D. et al. Natural Variability of Arctic Sea Ice over the Holocene. EOS (Transactions of the American Geophysical Union) 87 (28): 273 (2006).

[5] Rajadurai,S. and Anulatha, R.K. ―Carbon dioxide fixation – The Must and The Path,‖International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, Vol. 2, No 5 164 - 171 (2012).

[6] Albo,A., Luis,P. and Irabin, A.―Carbon dioxide capture from flue gases using a cross-flow membrane contactor and ionic liquid 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 49, 11045-11051(2010).

[7] Rajadurai,S. and Anulatha, R.K.,―Carbon dioxide reduction on diesel engine – A Lot with a Little‖, International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 31 – 34, Vol. 4, No 8 (2014).

[8] An, H., Feng, B. and Su, S., ―CO2 capture by electrochemical swing adsorption by activated carbon fibre material‖, Int. J. Greenhouse Control, 5, 16-25 (2011).

[9] Jian-Rong Li a and Yuguang Mab, ―Carbon dioxide capture-related gas adsorption and separation in metal organic frame works,‖Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 255,1791-1823 (2011).

[10] Rajalakshmi,K., ―Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide in conjunction with decomposition of water on oxide semiconductor surfaces,‖Journal of electroanalytical chemistry, 396,21-26 (2012).

[11] Bo Guo, Liping Chang and Kechang Xie, ―Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Activated Carbon,‖J.Natural Gas Chemistry, 15, 223-229 (2006).

[12] Cheng-Hsiu Yu and Chih-Hung Huang, Chung-Sung Tan, ―A review of CO2 capture by absorption‖, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 12, 745-769, 2012.

[13] Bishnoi,S. and Rochelle,G.T., ―Adsorption of CO2 into aqueous piperazine/methyl diethanolamine‖, AIChe J, 48, 2788-2799 (2002).

Estimation of the Optimum Rotational Parameter for the Fractional Fourier Transform Using Domain Decomposition

Author: Seema Sud

Abstract— The Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) provides significant interference suppression over the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) when the signal-of-interest (SOI) or interference is non-stationary. Its main limitation is estimating the optimum rotational parameter ‘a’. Current techniques choose ‘a’ that gives the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) between an SOI and its estimate. Such techniques are computational, and they do not provide good estimates when signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or sample support is kept low, as is required in nonstationary environments. In this paper, we propose to estimate ‘a’ using Fractional Fourier domain decomposition (FFDD). We project the interference onto the FFDD basis vectors and choose ‘a’ that maximizes the projection. We show by simulation, using a non-stationary chirp channel function, that we estimate ‘a’ better than MMSE methods with just N = 4 samples down to Eb/N0 = 3 dB. Averaging over M = 10 trials improves accuracy to Eb/N0 = 0 dB.

Keywords—Fractional Fourier Transform, Domain Decomposition, Singular Valued Decomposition.

References-

[1] Almeida, L.B., “The Fractional Fourier Transform and TimeFrequency Representation”, IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 42, No. 11, Nov. 1994.

[2] Candan, C., Kutay, M.A., and Ozaktas, H.M., “The Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform”, Proc Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Sig. Proc. (ICASSP), Phoenix, AZ, pp. 1713-1716, Mar. 15-19, 1999.

[3] Candan, C., Kutay, M.A., and Ozaktas, H.M., “The Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform”, IEEE Trans. on Sig. Proc., Vol. 48, pp. 1329-1337, May 2000.

[4] Kutay, M.A., Ozaktas, H.M., Arikan, O., and Onural, L., “Optimal Filtering in Fractional Fourier Domains”, IEEE Trans. on Sig. Proc., Vol. 45, No. 5, May 1997.

[5] Kutay, M.A., Ozaktas, H.M., Onural, L., and Arikan, O. “Optimal Filtering in Fractional Fourier Domains”, Proc. IEEE International Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Proc. (ICASSP), Vol. 2, pp. 937-940, 1995.

[6] Ozaktas, H.M., Zalevsky, Z., and Kutay, M.A., “The Fractional Fourier Transform with Applications in Optics and Signal Processing”, John Wiley and Sons: West Sussex, England, 2001.

[7] Reed, I.S., Mallett, J.D., and Brennan, L.E., “Rapid Convergence Rate in Adaptive Arrays”, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 10, pgs. 853863, Nov. 1974.

[8] Subramaniam, S., Ling, B.W., and Georgakis, A., “Filtering in Rotated Time-Frequency Domains with Unknown Noise Statistics”, IEEE Trans. on Sig. Proc., Vol. 60, No. 1, Jan. 2012.

[9] Yetik, I.S., Kutay, M.A., Ozaktas, H., and Ozaktas, H.M., “Continuous and Discrete Fractional Fourier Domain Decomposition”, IEEE, 2000.

Analysis of Strength Optimization of Blended Cement using FLY ASH and Alccofine

Authors: Vikas, Parveen Singh

Abstract-- Fly ash and Alccofine has the potential to be the key to a brand new world in the field of construction and building materials. The role and application of the Alccofine with cementitious materials (fly ash) have been studied and discussed in details. The amount of alccofine was increased from 0% to 25% and amount of fly ash decreased from 50% to 25%, the increase in strength was positive at various ages of 3, 7, 28, 56, and 90 days till certain percentage i.e. 32.5% for alccofine and 17.5%for fly ash. The present study focuses particular attention to use of blended cement (tenary cement) in recent times, on various properties of cement and mortar.

Keyword- Fly Ash, Cement, GBFS

References-

[1] ACI Committee 2011, ―Guide for selecting Proportions for high Strength Concrete with Portland‖, ACI Materials Journal, 1 (97) 1998; 13-22.

[2] Al-Amoudi, O.S.B., Maslehuddin, M., and Saadi, M.M.,‖ Effect of magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate on the durability performance of plain and blended cements‖, ACI Materials Journal 1 (92)1995; 15-24

[3] Al-Amoudi, O.S.B., Maslehuddin, M., and Abdul-al, Y.A.B., ―Role of chloride ions on expansion and strength reduction in plain and blended cements in sulfate environments‖, Construction and Building Materials, (90) 1995; 25-33.

[4] Al-Dulaijan, S.U., Maslehuddin, M., Al-Zahrani, M.M., Sharif, A.M., Shameen, M., and Ibrahim, M., ―Sulfate resistance of plain and blended cements exposed to varying concentrations of sodium sulphate‖, Cement Concrete Composites, (25) 2003 429-437.

[5] Barnett, SJ. , Soutsos, MN.,Millard, SG., Bungey, JH. ―Strength development of mortars containing Ground granulated

[6] Bonavetti, V., Donza , H., Menendez, G., Cabrera, O., and Irassar, E. F., 2000, ―Influence of Initial curing on properties of concrete containing blended cement‖ Cement and Concrete Research ,30(1) 2000 ; 31-40

[7] Descher.R., ―Cement and Fly Ash‖, ACI 211.4R-93, American concrete Institute, Farmington Michigan, 1993; 204-207.

[8] Detwiler,B., Rachel J., Bhatry, Javed I., and Bhattacharja, Sankar, ―Supplementary Cementing Materials for Use in Blended Cements‖, Research and Development Bulletin RD112, Portland Cement Association, 1996; 108 .

[9] Berry, E.E., Malhotra V.M, ―Fly ash for use in concrete—A critical review‖, J. ACI (77) 1980; 59– 73.

[10] Gonazalez, M.A., and Irassar, E.F., ―Effect of GGBFS on the sulfate resistance of low C3A Portland cement,‖ Cement and Concrete Research, (28) 1998; 1111.

Power Quality and the Need for Compensation

Authors: Risha Dastagir, Manish Khemariya, Vivek Rai

Abstract— A Power quality problem refers to the problems that are caused by the rise of a non standard voltage or current or frequency. Because of this it results into the failure of the equipments in use. The problems which are faced due to poor power quality are voltage sag, swell, interruptions harmonics and transients. These problems create a lot of disturbance in the whole system and thus it is required to resolve the problems for the lossless and efficient working of the system. The process which mitigates such problems is known as compensation. Various compensation devices are being used now a days. Some of them are DSTATCOM and the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). Such devices are fast, flexible and efficient solution to power quality problems. These devices are power electronic based devices that provides three-phase controllable voltage source, whose voltage vector magnitude and angle adds or subtracts to the source voltage during sag or swell event, to restore the load voltage during fault conditions. These devices can restore the load voltage within few milliseconds. This paper is an overview of the power quality problems the need for compensation and effective measures. The functions, configurations, components, compensating strategies and control methods along with the device capabilities and limitations.

Keywords—DVR, Compensation, DSTATCOM, sag, swell

References-

[1] O. Anaya-Lara, E. Acha, "Modeling and analysis of custom power systems by PSCAD/EMTDC," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 266-272, January 2002.

[2] S. Ravi Kumar, S. Sivanagaraju, "Simualgion of D-Statcom and DVR in power system," ARPN jornal of engineering and applied science, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 7-13, June 2007.

[3] N. Hingorani, "FACTS-Flexible ac transmission systems," in Proc. IEE 5th In!. Conf. AC DC Transmission, London, U. K. , 1991, Conf. Pub 345, pp. 1-7.

[4] S. S. Choi, B. H. Li, and D. D. Vilathgamuwa, "Dynamic voltage restora- tion with minimum energy injection," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 15, pp. 51-57, Feb. 2000.

[5] Saripalli Ragesh, Mahesh K Mishra, and Sridhar K, "Design and simulation of dynamic volatge restorer using sinusoidal pulse width modulation," 16th National Power System Conf. Andhra Pradesh, India. pp. 317-322, Dec. 2010.

[6] W. Freitas, A. Morelato, "Comparitive study between power system bolckset and PSCAD/EMTDC for transient analysis of custom power devices based on voltage source converter," IPST, New Orleans, USA, 2003, pp. 1-6.

[7] Ravilla Madhusudanl, G. Ramamohan Rao IEEE- International Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And Management (ICAESM -2012) March 30, 31,2012 442Modeling and Simulation of a Dynamic VoltageRestorer (DVR) for Power Quality ProblemsVoltage Sags and Swells.

[8] Rakeshwri Pal, Dr. Sushma Gupta, "State of the Art: Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Power Quality Improvement," Electrical and Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ), vol. 4, no. 2, June 2015.

Performance for Web document Mining Using NLP and Latent Semantic Indexing with Singular Value Decomposition

Authors: Vikram Saini, Jitender Kumar

Abstract— In this paper proposed a description of Web based document file can be say that Latent Semantic Indexing is an application for information sentence and word based retrieval that promises to offer improved performance using in capacitating approximately limits that waves out-dated term identical methods. These word matching techniques have constantly relied on corresponding query terms through document relations to retrieve the documents requiring terms matching the query positions. However, using upgraded retrieval techniques, user’s no need for adequately helped. While users need to search finished information founded on conceptual satisfied, natural languages have limited the expression for such area of study. By Using Cholesky decomposition finds the lower triangular matrix that satisfies. For instance, with two random variables the decomposition is done as worked. Although, a determinant of the correlation matrix of the main variables does not have to be positive and in that case other transformation methods can be applied. NLP (natural language processing) is used for stemming, stop word and they show problem for polynomial series for the sentence. Due to these natural language problems, individual words contained in user’s queries, may not clearly agree the intended user’s idea that find the result in retrieval of some unrelated documents. Web based document appears to be a capable method in overcoming these natural language and such Queries are then planned for space documents presence retrieved founded on similarity Model. In our thesis, document indexing performance for document retrieval is examined improved with upgraded term matching techniques.

Keywords— Web Data, LSI, NLP, Cholskey transform, SVD, LUD, Port Stammer

References-

[1] Irene Celino, Emanuele Della Valle, Dario Cerizza, and Andrea Turati. Squiggle: An experience in model-driven development of real-world semantic search engines. In Luciano Baresi, PieroFraternali, and Geert-Jan Houben, editors, ICWE, volume 4607 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, 2007.

[2] John Davies and Richard Weeks.Quizrdf: Search technology for the semantic web. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 4:40112+, 2004.

[3] Julio Gonzalo, FelisaVerdejo, Irina Chugur, and Juan Cigarrin. Indexing with wordnetsynsets can improve text retrieval. 1998.

[4] Thomas R. Gruber. Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing.Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud., 1995.

[5] H. S. Heaps. Information Retrieval: Computational and Theoretical Aspects. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, USA, 1978.

[6] Karen Sp¨arck Jones.A statistical interpretation of term specificity and its application in retrieval.Journal of Documentation, 1972.

[7] Soner Kara, O¨ zgu¨r Alan, OrkuntSabuncu, SametAkpınar, Nihan K. C¸ ic¸ekli, and Ferda N. Alpaslan. An ontology-based retrieval system using semantic indexing.In 1stInternational Workshop on Data Engineering meets the Semantic Web (DESWeb’2010)(colocated with ICDE’2010), November 2010.

A Brief Review of AntNet

Authors: Ajeet Singh, Dr. Neeraj Shukla

Abstract- Antnet is a software agent (ie.Application) based routing algorithm. Practically the terminology is defined as the technique in which, ants deposit some kind of chemical substance that is pheromone which marks the path that they used and on their way back they choose the path with the maximum pheromones which becomes the optimal path. Ants are nothing but software agents which are used in antnet update the probabilistic distance vector routing table entries and to collect traffic information. The existing Antnet Algorithm deals with only feedback provided to the system by the software agents and is the round trip time from source to destination. Then the distance vector table is updated using this feedback signals. As in the real life scenario chemical substance deposited by the ants evaporates over time in the same way routing table entries based on link usage statistics also evaporates with time. The performances of packets delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay are superior to the traditional dynamic routing protocol and ant-colony based routing algorithm as per our research survey in the forward and backward (Hybrid) AntNet scheme.

References-

[1] Dicaro & Dorigo, “Distributed Stigmegetic control for communication”,Journal of Articial Inteligence Research (198)317- 365, 1998

[2] Ayman M. Ghazy, Fatma EL-Licy, Hesham A. Hefny, “Threshold based AntNet algorithm for dynamic traffic routing of road networks” Egyptian Informatics Journal (2012).

[3] Meenakshi R Patel and Babita Kubde, “ An Improved Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Multiple QoS Routing to find multiple feasible paths for packet switched Network ”, IJCTA | MAY-JUNE 2012 .

[4] Lei Wang · Dun-Bing Tang · Wen-Bin Gu, “Pheromone-based coordination for manufacturing system control”, J Intell Manuf (2012) 23:747–757. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.

[5] Karthick.K Thalaimalaichamy.M,” Ant Net based Efficient Load Balance-Aware Routing for Wireless Networks “, International Journal of Advanced Information Science and Technology (IJAIST) ISSN: 2319:2682 Vol.11, No.11, March 2013.

Experiment Analysis on Strength of NCA Mixes and RCA

Authors: Rohit, Parveen Singh

Plastic Waste of Jabalpur City used for Energy Recovery

Authors: Anugrah Akansha Stephen , Prof. Archana Paranjpe

Abstract-- This work proposes the decomposition of plastic waste & energy recovery in cement factory. Cement industry ranks 2nd in energy consumption among the industries in India. It is one of the major emitter of CO2 , due to combustion of fossil fuel and calcination process. As the huge amount of CO2 emissions cause severe environment problems, the efficient and effective utilization of energy is a major concern in Indian cement industry. The main objective of the research work is to assess the energy consumption and energy conservation of the Indian cement industry and to predict future trends in cement production and reduction of CO2 emissions. In order to achieve this objective, a detailed energy and reduction of CO2 emission analysis of a typical cement plant in katni was carried out. The purpose of this study was a quantitative analysis of the energy, environmental and greenhouse gas effects of replacing fossil by plastic waste in the Jabalpur Municipal corporation project model initiative in M/S ACC Ltd, Kymore, and Katni cement production factory. The use of plastic waste was examined with a focus on this practice at ACC cement plant. The total cost saving per day is Rs. 9705 (Rs.3542, 325 per annum) and 9 tons coal save per day. The co-incineration of coal and waste plastics reduces the overall CO2 emissions, after replacement of coal by plastic waste the total reduction of CO2 is17.81 tons/day or 6500 tons/annum. It is also remarkable that the non recyclable plastic waste generated from Municipal Corporation contributes around 25% of the total generation of the whole state; hence, its management through Jabalpur Model will help a major quantity to convert it into a useful resource and will generate source of income for around 12 lacs urban population of the state. A basic forecasting model in Jabalpur plastic waste for the cement production trend was developed by using the system dynamic approach and the model was validated with the data collected from the selected M/S ACC Ltd, Kyomore, Katni cement production factory. The cement production and CO2 emissions from the industries were also predicted with the base year as 2010. The sensitivity analysis of the forecasting model was conducted and found satisfactory.

References-

[1] Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 2012.

[2] M.P. State Pollution Control Board ( M.P. SPCB) 2014.

[3] Media Reports, India in Business, Cement Corporation of India, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Cement Manufacturers Association (CMA).

[4] Javeriya Siddiqui and Govind Pandey, December (2013) “A Review of Plastic Waste Management Strategies” International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, Vol. 2(12), 84-88,

[5] CPCB report 2012 on “Report of the Committee to Evolve Rode Map on Management of Wastes in India”.

[6] Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Report.

Co-Digestion of MSW, with Cow Manure & Poultry Waste: An Innovative Approach for Biogas Production

Authors: Archana Paranjpe, Dr. Seema Saxena

Abstract- Current object manages the estimation of the biodegradability of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and energy through anaerobic assimilation. The maintenance time of the procedure increments in anaerobic processing when contrasted with other waste, for example, leafy foods waste, cow fertilizer, Poultry waste, rural buildups and so forth. Two targets are (a) waste diminishment and (b) lessening in the natural issues which can be accomplished with the utilization of suitable bio-motorization innovation. The four different batch experiments were carried out: 1) organic waste of MSW with poultry waste, 2) organic waste of MSW with cow dung and 3) organic waste of MSW with cow dung and poultry waste 4) only OFMSW. The present study aims at choosing the best ratio between organic waste of MSW and animal manure and comparing the results in either case. The process of Co-digestion is carried out in mesophilic temperature which ranges from 30 to 35°C with a total solid attentiveness of 8% in each sample (dig slurry). The biogas is composed by the downward displacement of water, and was then measured. The results obtained claimed that blending organic matter of MSW with cow manure and poultry waste had major improvement on the biogas yield.

References-

[1] Bentley R.W., [2002]. Global oil and gas depletion: an overview. Energy policy 30, 189-205.

[2] Yadvika., Santosh., Sreekrishnan T. R., Sangeeta Kohli., & Vineet Rana., [2004]. Enhancement of biogas production from solid substrates using different techniques- a review. Bioresource Technology 95, 1–10.

[3] Budiyano., Widiasa I N., Johari S., & Sunarso., [2010]. The kinetic of biogas production rate from cattle manure in batch mode. International Journal of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 3(1), 39- 44.

[4] Alvarez R., & Lide´n G., [2008]. The effect of temperature variation on biomethanation at high altitude, Biores. Technology. 99, 7278– 7284.

[5] Parawira W., & Mshandete A.M., [2009]. Biogas technology research in selected sub- Saharan African countries - A review. Afr. J. Biotechnology. 8, 116-125.

[6] Ezekoye V.A., & Okeke C.E., [2006]. Design, construction and performance evaluation of plastic bio-digester and the storage of biogas. The Pacific J. Sci. Technology. 7, 176-184.

[7] Mackie R.I., & Bryant M.P., [1995]. Anaerobic digestion of cattle waste at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. Applied Microbial Biotechnology. 43: 346- 350.

[8] Angelidaki I., & Ellegaard L., [2003]. Codigestion of manure and organic wastes in centralized biogas plants – status and future trends. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 109, 95–105.

[9] Alatriste-Mondragon F., Samar P., Cox H.H.J., Ahring B.K., & Iranpour R., [2006]. Anaerobic codigestion of municipal, farm, and industrial organic wastes: a survey of recent literature. Water Environment Research 78, 607–636.

[10] Callaghan F.J., Wase D.A.J., Thayanithy K., & Forster C.F., [1999]. Co-digestion of waste organic solids: batch studies. Bioresource Technology 67, 117–122. Cki.

Adaptive Signal Processing in Time Domain

Authors: Smita Chopde, Pushpa U.S

Abstract— The biggest challenges faced in processing the digital signal is overcome by the adaptive signal processing .In adaptive signal processing the signal is processed through large number of adaptive filter which overcomes the slope overload error and granular noise witnessed in delta modulation approach. The adaptive signal processing is a advance method which find it’s application to the stationary signals or the parameters to be established are time varying . Few examples application in echo cancellation equalization of data communication channel in mobile communication. Time varying systems identification This paper discusses the various methods to implement the adaptive signal processing in time domain . The factors taken into consideration for discussion are design,analysis and implementation of system whose structure changes in response to the incoming data .

Keywords— LMS Least Mean Method, FIR Finite Impulse Response, IIR Infinite Impulse Responce

References-

[1] B. Widrow and M.E.Hoff , ―Adaptive Switching circuits‖,Proc . of WESCON Conv. Rec, part 4,pp96-140,1960.

[2] B.widrow and S.D.Stearns ―Adaptive Signal Processing‖,Prentice – Hall 1985.

[3] O Macchi ,Adaptive Processing :The Least Mean Square Approach with application in transmission, Wiley ,1995.

[4] P.M. Clarkson, ―Optimal and Adaptive Signal Processing‖,CRC Press 1993.

[5] S. Haykin, ―Adaptive filter Theory‖,Prentice –Hall,2002.

[6] D.F.Marshal,W.K.Jenkins and J.J.Murphy, ―The Use of Orthogonal transformfor improving performance of adaptive filtes‖, IEEECircuits and Systems ,Vol36 April1989, pp 474-483.

[7] T.Claasen and W.Mecklenbranker,―Comparision of the convergence of two algorithm for adaptive FIR filters‖ IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems,Vol.28,no.6,pp510-518,1997.

[8] B.E.Jun , D.J.Parkand Y.W.Kim, ―Convergence analysis of SignSign LMS Algorithm for adaptive filterswith correlated Gaussian data ,‖In IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP’95)Vol.2,pp1380-1383 .May1995.