The Impact of Coupled Fluid Structural Interactive Analysis on Flow Uniformity of Catalytic Converter

Authors: Mylaudy Dr. S. Rajadurai, Suraj Sukumaran, M. Sundaravadivelu

Abstract— Fluid structural interaction is a crucial factor in the design of exhaust manifold. Typically, validating the system without considering the effects of oscillatory interactions is time consuming and inconclusive when confronted with reality boundary conditions. Experience has shown that often the most significant source of error in flow analyses is associated within specified boundary conditions. Thus, the solution comes in unique way of using seamless integration of thermal and dynamic loads with specified boundary conditions and will convey computational results closer to the real scenario. As a consequence, velocity concentrated regions due to displacement are aggregated more in front face of substrate when coupled with dynamic loading, leading to fatigue. Failure originated using this approach is evidently discussed and compared with experimental results. The uniformity index generated by the coupled analyses proves to be critical in concerning the durability issues of hot end system.

Keywords— FSI, substrate, erosion, coupled analysis, FEA, CFD, thermal coupling, dynamic analysis, displacement, uniformity index.

References-

[1] Windmann, Braun, Zacke, Tischer, "Impact of the inlet flow distribution on the light-off behavior of a 3 way catalytic converter", SAE 2003-01-0937, 2003.

[2] Zhang, Romzek, "Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Application in Vehicle Exhaust", SAE 2008-01-0612, 2008.

[3] Th. Hauber, P. Zacke, J. Braun, D. Ueberschar: "Influence of the Space between Monoliths and the Geometry of Endcones on the Conversion Rate of Catalytic Converter", SAE 980424, 1998.

[4] A.P. Martin, N. S. Will, A. Bordet, P. Cornet, and C. Gondoin, X. Mouton: "Effect of Flow Distribution on Emissions Performance of Catalytic Converters", SAE 980936, 1998.

[5] Xueyuan ZHANG, Yu LUO, Jianhua WANG, "Coupled ThermoFluid-Solid Analysis of Engine Exhaust Manifold Considering Welding Residual Stress", WSE2011.

[6] Zhi-En Liu, Xue-Ni Li, Xian-junHou, Chao Wang and Fu-Wu Yan: "Numerical Simulation for Exhaust Manifold Based on the Serial Coupling of Star-CCM+ and Abaqus"; Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol 3903-3909, 2013.

[7] Rajadurai, S., Mani, G., Mohan, S., and Raja, K., "Influence of Coupled Analysis for a Hot End Exhaust System Validation," SAE 2014-01-2354, 2014.

[8] Qian, R.J. and Dong, "Advance in FSI Coupling Theory Research", J. Spatial Structure, 14(1): 3-15, 2008.

[9] Zhang, "Studies of the strong coupling and weak coupling met5hods in FSI analysis", J. Int. J. Numerical Methodsb Eng, 60(12): 2013- 2029, 2004.

[10] Michler, S.J Hulshoff and E.H. Brummelen, 'A monolith approach to fluid structure interaction", J. Computer fluids, 33(5-6): 839-848, 2004.

[11] Dong, Q.Y. Fan, "The numerical simulation research of fluid-solidthermal coupling of internal combustion engine, J. Automotive Engineers, 31(2), 2009.

[12] Star CCM+ guide

Optimizing the Queueing System of a Fast Food Restaurant: A Case Study of Ostrich Bakery

Authors: Oladejo M.O., Agashua N. U., Tamber J. A.

Abstract- A fast food restaurant is a quick service restaurant which is characterized both by its fast food cuisine and by minimal table service [3]. The Ostrich Bakery is an example of a fast food restaurant which is considered based on the Existing Structure of its queuing model and the Proposed Structure of that queuing model. The Poisson Distribution and the Exponential Distribution will be encountered in the queuing model. The channels of the queuing model that operate in the Ostrich Bakery will be analysed. The formulae for the measures of performance of a queuing system are adopted from models derived by Prof. Ikpotokin from his paper based on ‘Stochastic model of a linked queue network’. It has a queuing system with n-servers in parallel and linked to another server in series. Keywords-- Cuisine, Exponential Distribution, Model, Parallel Channel, Poisson Distribution Queuing Model, Series Channel .

References-

[1] Analysis of Queuing Systems pdf. Adobe Reader

[2] Consultant @ Large. Retrieved 2008-02-10. p/articles/mi_m3190/is_n32_v30/ai_18609870/).

[3] Fastfood restaurant – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

[4] Gupta P. K. and Hira D. S. (2012) Operation Research, Revised Edition, by S. Chand and Company Ltd, Ram Nangar, New Delhi-110 055.

[5] Hillier F. S. and Lieberman G. J. (2001) Introduction to Operations Research, Published by McGraw-Hill, an imprint of The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., nue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020 Seventh edition.

[6] John A. Jakle; Keith A. Sculle (27 March 2002). Fast Food (http://books.google.com/books?id=0nYcgnWKWXgC&printsec=fr ontcover) (1st ed.).

[7] JHU Press. pp. 116–119. ISBN 0-8018-6920-X. Retrieved 2009-06- 15.

[8] McDonalds & Walmart to invest in Nigeria – Proshare.pdf – Adobe Reader.

[9] Sharma J. K. (2011) Operations Research Theory and Applications, Fourth Edition, by Macmillan Publishers India Ltd.

[10] Schlosser, Eric (2001). Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the AllAmerican Meal. Houghton Mifflin Books. ISBN 0-395-97789-4. [11] Smoyer-Tomic, KE; Spence, JC; Raine, KD; Amrhein, C; Cameron, N;

[12] Stochastic model of a linked queue network: Ikpotokin F.O Department of Computer Science and Statistics. Ambrose Ali University Ekpoma, Nigeria. Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences. Volume 1 , Number 1 & 2, July 30, 2003.

[13] Taha H. A. (2007) Operations Research: An introduction , Eighth edition, by Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall, upper Saddle River NJ07458.

[14] “The Evolution of the Quick Service Restaurant" (http://jpfarrell.blogspot.com/2007/11/evolution-of-quick-servicerestaurant.html). A Management.

[15] Queuing theory in a fastfood pdf. Adobe Reader.

[16] Yasenovskiy, V; Cutumisu, N; Hemphill, E et al. (2008). "The association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets". Health & place 14 (4): 740–54. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.12.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.healthplace.2007.12.001). PMID 18234537 (//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18234537).

An Enhancement in Behaviour of Fly Ash Blocks

Authors: Arun Goel, Parveen Singh

Abstract - The magnetite ought to be delegated ferrite, because of the distinctive rates of substitution of Fe2+ and Fe3+ by different particles, for instance vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel and zinc. Spinals containing basically iron, and some chromium and nickel bestow attractive properties to give or take 39 % of the particles. This prompts the convergence of these components in these portions, and makes fly slag an important "metal" for these components. Albeit fly cinder contains numerous possibly poisonous follow components, filtering tests have demonstrated that these are stable inside of the aluminosilicate grid. In like manner fly fiery debris is not named a perilous waste in America. The main component that may represent an issue is hexavalent chromium. The Ministry of the Environment of Israel, be that as it may, considers the utilization of fly fiery remains as landfill possibly destructive, and denies its utilization as landfill, perhaps in response to the more noteworthy draining test aftereffects of Nathan and others for arsenic, selenium and chromium. The draining conduct is affected by a few variables; in this manner results can be required to fluctuate for fly slag tests from diverse sources.

Keyword- Albeit Fly, Ternary Cement, Nathan

[1] K.Vidhya1, Dr.S.Kandasamy2 et al. Experimental Studies on Pond Ash Brick International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278- 800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 6, PP 06-11

[2] IS: 1905-1987 Code of Practice for Structural use of Unreinforced Masonry (Third revision) [3] IS: 2117-1975 Guide for Manufacture of Hand- Made Common Burnt Clay Building Bricks (Second Revision).

[4] IS: 3495 (P-I) -1976 Determination of Compressive Strength (Second Revision).

[5] IS: 3495 (P-II) -1976 Determination of Water Absorption (Second Revision).

[6] IS: 3495 (P-III) -1976 Determination of Effloresce (Second Revision).

Enhancement of Properties Polymer Modified Ferrocement

Authors- Subham, Parveen Singh

Abstract-- In an effort to improve the performance of mortar, polymer is introduced into mortar. It has been reported that polymer-modified mortar (PMM) is more durable than conventional mortar due to higher strength. This research was carried out to establish the effects of polymer addition on compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity of mortar and flexural strength and tensile strength values on polymer modified ferrocement samples with mortar of constant flow value. Two types of polymers were used i.e. SBR and VAE polymer. The mixes were prepared with polymer-cement ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% for each and a flow value of 110 +_ 5 is fixed for every mix of mortar. The flexure strength of ferrocement samples also increases on polymer addition for third point loading test. Polymer modification of cement paste increases its tensile and flexural strength and reduces its brittle nature. We will conclude by showing that future use of polymer modified cement composites will likely be in the area of durability and performance improvements of cement materials applied in thin sections.

Keyword- SBR, VAE, Polymer Modified Ferrocement

References-

[1] Namaan, A.E., Robertson, R.E (1999) “Structure and properties of poly vinyl modified mortar concrete” Cement and concrete Research, vol. 29, 1999, pp. 407-415. Naaman A.E., et al (2000), "Ferrocement and Laminated Cementitious Composites,"

[2] Afridi, M.U.K., Ohama, Y., et al ( 2002) “Development of polymer films by the coalescence of polymer particles in powdered and aqueous polymer-modified mortars” cement and concrete research 33 (2003) 1715- 1721.

[3] Zulkarnain , F., and Suleiman M.Z., (2008) “ Properties of latex ferrocement in flexure”, 2nd international conference(ICBEDC 2008).

[4] Barluenga, G. and Olivares, A.F. (2003) “SBR latex modified mortar rheology and mechanical behavior”, cement and concrete research 34(2004) 527-535.

[5] Ali, S. Ahmad., Jawad, S.H., (2012) “Improvement the properties of cement mortar by using Styrene Butadyne Rubber polymer”, journal of engineering and development, vol. 16, no. 3, sep. 2012.

[6] Wang, R., Wang, P.M., and Li, X.G (2004) “Physical And Mechanical properties of styrene – butadiene rubber emulsion modified cement mortars”, cement and concrete research 35 (2005) 900-906.

Role of Information Technology Tools in Self-Learning Initiatives; and, in Classroom Teaching and Learning

Author: S. Aravamudhan

Abstract- There is impressive developments in the Information Technology Application Software Tools. These tools can enrich the content delivery of the text book materials for teaching and learning. There is currently the Compact Disc supplement available with printed materials and several internet documentations to illustrate this development and aid. What this author finds is not simply viewing those documentations but to a certain extent making them on their own helps the teachers and students. To what extent should academic exercises involve making of such educational materials requires a critical consideration.

Keywords- Human Resource Management, Education, Effective Information Transfer, Teaching and Learning, Technology Enhanced Learning, Total Quality Management, Enriching Internet Contents

References-

[1] (a) http://www.ugc-inno-nehu.com/sc-ic-jul2013-cert.pdf Promoting More Learning Activity Till Higher Education Level with Less of Earning Needs Event Early Stages (b) http://www.ugc-inno-nehu.com/hrd_mrm.html Human Resource Development In The North East For The Management Of The Natural Material Resources of Meghalaya (c) http://aravamudhan-s.ucoz.com/saravamudhan44/tqm.html The Extent of Harmony between Academic Institutions and Industrial Organizations:"A measure for Total Quality Management"

[2] http://aravamudhan-s.ucoz.com/BHU2006/Title_QCFT.doc “LEARNING PROCESS: An Inter System Transfer & Intra System Processing?” http://www.angelfire.com/art3/saravamudhan/sri_hledu/ Social Relevance Indicators at Higher Levels of Education: “Human Resource Development As The Social Factor For Specialization with Interdisciplinary Relevance”

[3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvUpfZmNt5A This is a presentation file used for the Lecture at a WORKSHOP on ELearning held at the North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, INDIA. A YouTube video upload of this author.

[4] http://www.ugc-inno-nehu.com/98thISC_cmnts_SA.WMV http://www.ugc-inno-nehu.com/98thISC_cmnts_SA.ppt Comments by this author as a participant in the 98th Indian Science Congress Session. ISC2011 held at SRM University, Chennai.

[5] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LctfaPFRjJ8 SchlColg_physchem.wmv The original PowerPoint file has been converted into a VIDEO file with the WONDERSHARE Ppt-to-video conversion software. Download the ppt file from: http://www.ugc-innonehu/SchlColg_phys_chem.ppt. Also view the Webpage http://saravamudhan.tripod.com/infotech_tools/

[6] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNVK-mN3OvE wave motion in a medium.wmv. This is a class-room illustration of how waves are made of in medium. The mechanism, in terms of the motion of the particles of a medium is illustrated. Animation features of the MS PowerPoint have been adequate for the illustrations. A YouTube upload of this author.

[7] https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL158BAC87668F5D5A This is a playlist uploaded into video consisting of 12 videos of about 15 minutes duration each. At the end of the webpage: http://www.angelfire.com/art3/saravamudhan/seminar_usic.html there are five power point files used in the seminar talk for downloading and viewing.

[8] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKPxikMLtzU This is a esr_display_xpversion.WMV and includes exercises for students. This file was made just because of request from students (as mentioned in the video file itself) for better explanations than in the manuals and in the books.

[9] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3odbSWuwuk This is an animation exercise to be viewed at primary/secondary school levels since there is scope for more queries about what really happens and how really it happens. This is much better to get students inquisitive than a lengthy lecture only with printed materials. Actual practice with manipulating the molecular changes with time for a conversion and back helps them to know what questions to ask about this phenomenon. That the presentation this way confuses more (more queries are raised and not much answers) is true because it justifies that ignorance on scientific matters cannot be bliss!

[10] “Learning Schools”, Chapter20, in Quality Spectrum - a school’s bandwidth, book by G.Balasubramanian, Frank Bros. & Co., (Publishers) Ltd, (2004), ISBN 81-7170-783-1

Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building Resting on Sloping Ground

Author: Dr M K Maroliya

Abstract- The construction of structures on sloping ground is a common practice due to the scarcity of level areas. However, buildings constructed on slopes differ from those on flat terrain, exhibiting irregularities and asymmetry in both horizontal and vertical planes. Consequently, these structures are more vulnerable to significant damage when subjected to earthquakeinduced ground motion. There are two primary configurations for buildings on sloping ground: step back and step back setback. In this research, a reinforced concrete (RCC) building with ten stories (G+10) and varying ground slopes ranging from 0° to 30° is examined.There are two type of Plan taken for the analysis(C-type and L-type). A comparative analysis is conducted, comparing these scenarios with a building situated on level ground and with various seismic Zones. The modeling and analysis of the building are performed using the structural analysis tool ETABS 2020. The primary focus is on investigating the impact of different column heights in the bottom storey during an earthquake event. Seismic analysis is conducted through linear static Analysis, and Response spectrum Analysis are carried out in accordance with the IS:1893 (Part 1):2016. The outcomes obtained cover a range of variables, including top-storey displacement, storey drift, base shear, time period, and storey acceleration. Notably, it has been found that shorter columns typically have more severe consequences during earthquake events.

References-

[1]. N. Jitendra Babu, K.Y.G.D Balaji “pushover analysis of unsymmetrical framed structures on sloping ground” International Journal of Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Research and Development (IJCSEIERD) ISSN 2249-6866 Vol. 2 Issue 4 Dec – 2012, pp 45-53.

[2] Ravikumar C M,*, Babu Narayan K S “Effect of Irregular Configurations on Seismic Vulnerability of RC Buildings” Architecture Research 2012,2(3):20-26DOI: 10.5923/j.arch.20120203.01, pp 20-26

[3] A.R. Chandrasekaran and D. S. Prakash Rao (2002), A seismic Design of Multi-storied RCC Buildings.

[4] Birajdar.B.G,”Seismic analysis of buildings resting on sloping ground”, 13thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Paper No. 1472, 2004.

[5] Mahmoud R. Maheri, R. Akbari (2003) Seismic behaviour factor, R, for steel X-braced and knee-braced RC buildings Engineering Structures, Vol.25, 14 May 2003, pp 1505-1513.

[6] J.C.D. Hoenderkamp and M.C.M. Bakker (2003) Analysis of High-Rise Braced Frames with Outriggers The structural design of tall and special buildings, Vol. 12, 10 July 2003, pp 335-350.

[7] K.S.Jagadish, B.K.R.Prasad and P.V.Rao,”The Inelastic Vibration Absorber Subjected To Earthquake Ground Motions.”Earthquake engineering and Structural Dynamics.7, 317-326 (1979).

[8] Kim Sd, Hong Wk, JuYk”A modified dynamic inelastic analysis of tall buildings con side ring changes of dynamic characteristics” the structural design of tall Buildings 02/1999.

[9] J.R. Wu and Q.S.LI (2003) Structural performance of multi-outrigger-braced Tall Buildings. The structural design of tall and special buildings, Vol.12, October 2003, pp 155-176 .

[10] S.M.Wilkinson, R.A.Hiley ”A Non-Linear Response History Model For The Seismic Analysis Of High-Rise Framed Buildings” september 2005,Computers and Structures.

[11] V. Kapur and Ashok K. Jain (1983)Seismic response of shear wall frame versus braced concrete frames University of Roorkee, Roorkee 247 672.April 1983

[12] J.R.WuandQStructural..LI performance(2003)of multi-outrigger- braced Tall Buildings. The structural design of tall and special buildings, Vol.12, October2003, pp 155-176.

[13] IS: 1893(Part I): 2002 Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part I General provisions and buildings (Fifth Revision).

[14] Pankaj Agarwal and Manish Shrikhande.(2010),EarthquakeResistant Design of Structures PHI Learning Private Limited.