Analysis of Compressive Strength of Columns Reinforced with Steel & FRP Bars

Authors: Richa Pateriya, Dr. Saleem Akhtar, Nita Rajvaidya

Abstract-To match up the requirements of advanced infrastructure, better building materials and latest technologies are required. Due to increase in corrosion problem in RC structures the useful age of structure gets reduced. So to overcome this problem engineers all over the world are getting inclined towards fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) bars in place of steel bars. This paper presents the results of an analytical investigation done on the behavior of concrete columns reinforced with steel, GFRP and CFRP bars.Linear analysis of 18 column specimens is accomplished using ANSYS software. The parameters investigated in this analysis includes reinforcement ratio, ultimate load bearing capacity and deformations. Also a comparative study is done amongst steel , GFRP and CFRP on the basis of these parameters.

Keywords-- Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), axial behaviour, linear analysis, ANSYS.

References-

[1] Ehab M. Lofty, (2010) “Ehab M. Lofty, (2010) “Behavior of reinforced concrete short columns with Fiber Reinforced polymer bars” International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Volume 1, No 4 pp 707-722.

[2] Richa Pateriya, Dr Saleem Akhtar,Prof.Nita Rajvaidya (2015) “Finite Element Analysis of Different Types Of Composite Column” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering volume 5, pp 173-179.

[3] S S Bhavikatti “strength of materials” Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, 2009, third edition.

[4] ACI Committee 440, (2006) “Guide for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with FRP bars,” ACI 440.1R-06, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI

[5] Prof. S. S. Patil,A. N. Shaikh, Prof. Dr.B.R.Niranjan,” Non Linear Finite Element Method of Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beam” International Journal of Modern Engineering Research,vol 2 pp 4622-4628

[6] ANSYS User's Manual, Swanson Systems, Inc

[7] Ehab M. Lotfy, (2010) “Behavior of reinforced concrete short columns with Fiber Reinforced polymers bars” International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Volume 1, No 3, pp 545-557

[8] American Concrete Institute, (2008) “Building code requirements for structural concrete,” ACI 318-08, ACI, Farmington Hills, MI

[9] Egyptian Code for design and construction of concrete structures, code no 203, 2001

[10] British Standards Institution (BSI), (2002) Structural use of concrete Part 1: Code of practice for design and construction.BS8110-1:1997, London.

[11] Indian Standards Code (IS),(2000) Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice Forth Revision, IS 456:2000, India.

Increasing the Efficiency of De Dusting Car at Recovery Coke Ovens

Authors: Dr. Hiregoudar Yerrennagoudaru, G K Shiva Prasad

Abstract- De-dusting car frequently getting under capital repair at recovery coke ovens and also leakages are causing temperature variation of control vertical temperature in battery. The de dusting car is used for reduction of emission while charging, after some duration performance gets degraded and thus stack emission raise. Mainly emissions and capital repair arises due to the distortion of de-dusting car water jackets and refractory casting. “DOWNTIME” is happening every 6 months ,this is because of water cooling duct and ceramic casting distortion also leads to huge “EMISSION” from stack .hence there is rise of frequent maintenance in de-dusting car. De-dust car is the movable dust-collecting & dust-removing device While coal charging. Working principle of the equipment: while coal charging, guide sleeve of de-dust car aims at flue guide hole on the top of chamber to collect flue & dust, by turns enter into combustion chamber, connecting pipe, spray room, Venturi tube, cyclone separator, blower, then exhaust into the air. It improves equip level of coke oven and decrease flue & dust exhaust. De-dust car transfers the smoke from chamber while coal charging form the top of oven directly then exhaust after removing dust through burning. De-dust car is located on the top of oven. Supply voltage: 415V AC The function of the de-dusting car:- 1. Emissions reduction while coal charging. 2. Converting charging emission gas into sludge water formation. 3. Maintaining the hot condition in combustion chamber before coal charging.

Keywords- De-dusting car at recovery coke ovens, Emissions, Cost reduction after the modification.,Capital repair, Downtime

References-

[1] The 2007-2012 World Outlook for calcined petroleum coke made in Coke Oven By Philip M.parker

[2] Enabling Document for National Emission Standards for Coke Oven Batteries Part 63, Subpart L Paperback – Import, 1 Jan 2013 by U.S. Environmental P

[3] Engineering Thermodynamics by P.K. Nag.

[4] Thermal Engineering 2013 by R.K. Rajput

[5] Manufacturing Technology - Vol. 2 by P.N. Rao [6] Manufacturing Technology - Vol. 1 by P.N. Rao

Experimental Investigation Improvement of Charge Swirl in CI Engine

Authors: Dr. Hiregoudar Yerrennagoudaru, S. Veeresh kumar

Abstract— In a diesel engines the Air fuel mixture is very important this air fuel mixture will be introduced with the help of injector this injection Analysis of fuel spray with various injection orientations has high importance on the engine performance as well as exhaust gas emissions measure. The fuel injector orientation plays very important role in fuel air mixing. Fuel injector having single ,two and multi hole nozzle injector is considered for analysis. The fuel atomization ,combustion, injecting, spray pressure and formation of pollutant emission in a diesel engines due to the shapes of the nozzle . the main objective of this research was to find the proper model and get the effective results. Several models of the nozzles were made to increase further fine atomization and break down of fuels droplets in to fine small Molecules. Some of the models are ( Normal straight Retrofit, “Z” or curved shape Retrofit, straight Retrofit with considering holes , “Z” shape or curved Retrofit with holes) .these results were compared with standard nozzle used in engine for air fuel mixing purpose . in this experiment it has been investigated the effect of injector nozzle holes and models created such as Retrofit for fuel spray on the performance of diesel engine such as fuel consumption and fuel in engine cylinder the analysis of a swirl diesel engine research also reveals the effects of this atomized droplets though the passage ,effects of the pressure ,heat release HC, No and CO concentration.

Keywords—HC, NO and CO, Emission analysis, Nozzle hole, Swirl, turbulence.

References-

[1] M.Kato et al., Flow Analysis in Nozzle Hole in Consideration of Cavitation, SAE 970052.

[2] T. Yoda, T. Tsuda, Influence of Injection Nozzle Improvement on DI Diesel Engine, SAE paper 970356.

[3] J.B. Heywood, ―Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals‖, McGraw-Hill Book Co, pp 493-494, 1988. [4] D. Ing. H. Tschöke, ―Diesel distributor fuel-injection pumps‖, Robert Bosch GmbH, pp 12-53, 1999.

[5] B. Challen R. Baranescu, ―Diesel Engine Reference Book‖ Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd., Second Edition, pp.260-301,1999.

[6] A.J.Von Wielligh, ―Influence of fuel quality on diesel injector failures‖, Fifth International Colloquium Fuels, Germany, 2005.

[7] A.Rosland,greenhomegas emission in Norway: inventories and estimation methods oslo:Minsters of environment, 1993.

[8] Baver.H (1999) Diesel engine management Stuttgart :SAE

[9] Herzog.P.(1989) the ideal rate of injection for swirl supported diesel engines. Imech E,Diesel fuel injection systems seminar, Birmingham

[10] Pehen,s.,svoljsalc-jerman,M.Kegl,& Kegl,B.(2009) Biodiesel influence on tribology characteristics of a diesel engine fuel.88,970- 979.

[11] H.Khallil,Nonlinear systems,Prentice-hall,inc1992

[12] Thring R.H.(1989) , Homogeneous – change compression ignition ( HCCI ) engines: SAE Technical paper 892068.

[13] Arcoumanis C. et al., Investigation of Cavitation in a Vertical MultiHole Injector, SP-1415, p.181-198, SAE, Warren dale, 1999.

[14] C.Arcoumanis et. al., Analysis of the Flow in the Nozzle of a Vertical Multi Hole Diesel Engine Injector, SAE paper 980811.

Managerial Issues of Organized Service Sector: A Case study on Gelatin Factory

Authors: Mayank Soni, Dheeraj Dave

Abstract- “An organization is formal when the activities are coordinated towards a common objective”. For many tasks within modern societies, people require groups they can deliberately create for the achievement of specific goals. The present paper mainly deals with the standardization of organization operation & personnel behavior regarding the organization. The formal organization is basically goal-oriented entity that exist to accurate the efforts of individuals and it refers to the structure of jobs and positions with clearly defined functions, responsibilities and authorities. “Formal organization is a group that restricts membership and makes use of officially designated positions and roles, formal rules and regulations, and a bureaucratic structure.” This notion deals with the organization with a distinctive rules & organization regulations regarding the structure [1].

References-

[1] Banerjee, A. V. (1999). “Land Reforms: Prospects and Strategies”, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics working paper no. 99/24.

[2] Coelli, T., D. S. P. Rao and G. E. Battese (1998). “An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London.

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[5] Government of India (September, 2008). National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector, Task force Report, “Definitional and Statistical Issues”.

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[7] Government of India (May, 2001). National Sample Survey Organisation, 55th Round, Report No. 459 (55/2.0/2), “Formal Sector in India 1999-2000: Salient Features”.

Increasing the Effect of Normal Reaction of the Two Wheelers While Braking at High Speeds

Author: Vinoth. B

Abstract— Each and every parts of a two wheeler has been designed well even though some times the braking system of a two wheelers shows poor performance. When the vehicle comes without brakes it turns the passengers into unsafe situation while riding the vehicle. So we should have a brake in our two wheelers which must deliver an optimum performance. The braking force is mainly depends on the following two factors one is normal reaction of the rear wheels and another one is coefficient of friction between road and tyres. Whenever the vehicle is loaded the normal reaction of the rear wheels also increases. So there is only minimum braking force is requires stopping the vehicle. When the vehicle is running at high speed with fewer loads it will become out of control. If we apply brake in this condition it will make a heavy injury, because the kinetic energy of a vehicle while running stored its total mass. So we need some weight while braking for increasing the factor of normal reaction. But when the vehicle is driven by single, it is not possible to get required weight in rear wheels. If we could some mechanical arrangement with rear braking system, which works with it too for getting normal reaction even fewer weight condition can minimizing the skidding phenomena.

Keywords— normal reaction, internal expanding shoe brakes, friction, torsional spring, gear, transmission system, stopping distance.

References-

[1] Mansour Hadji, Hosseinlou, Hadi Ahdi and Vahid He atian ―A study of the minimum safe stopping distance between vehicles in terms of braking system, weather and pavement conditions. ―Indian Journal of cience and echnolog I N: 974-6846, vol.5, No.10, 2012.

[2] Ji enez and Felipe ―Anal sis of the vehicle Dynamics using Advanced Instrumentation. Fistia World Automotive Congress, Barcelona, 2004.

[3] Hans-Christof lein ―Bra e force control and distribution in passengers cars‖ oda and in the future 845 62 AE India 1984.

[4] Loe, C-H., Lee, J-M., Choi, M-s., Kim, C-K, and Koh, E-B, ―Develop ent of a se i-emperical program for predicting the bra ing perfor ance of a passenger vehicle‖ International Journal of Automotive Technology. Vol.12, No.2, pp.193-198, 2011.

[5] Chin, Y.K., Lin, W.C., Sidlosky, D.M., and Spurschu, M.S, ― liding- ode AB wheel control‖ Proceedings of A erican Control Conference, pp.79-85, 1992.

[6] Ebner H and Kuhn W. ―Electronic bra e force distribution control sophisticated addition to AB ‖. AE ransactions vol.101, No.6, pp.877-883, 1993.

Improve Throughtput of V-Adhoc Network With Removal of Black Hole Attack

Authors: Muskan, Veepin Kumar

Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Multi objective Optimum Power Flow with Valve Point Loading Incorporating SVC

Authors: Satyendra Singh, K. S. Verma

Abstract— Multi Objective Optimal Power Flow including FACTS technology is one of the most important issues in power system planning and control. In this paper Artificial Intelligence techniques are used to solve the Multi Objective Optimum Power Flow incorporating FACTS devices with valve point effect. In this paper two objectives loss minimization and minimum voltage deviation are taken into consideration. In proposed algorithm parameters of FACTS can be adjusted according the voltage of generating units and load. This study is implemented on IEEE 5 bus system, 24 bus system and 118 bus system; results are compared with artificial intelligence techniques. Simulation results show the capabilities of different artificial intelligence techniques to solve the multi objective optimum power flow.

Keywords— Artificial Intelligence (AI), Optimal Power Flow (OPF), Flexible AC Transmission systems (FACTS), Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA), Static Voltage Compensator (SVC)

[1] N.G. Hingorani, L. Gyugyi, “Understanding FACTS Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission System”, IEEE Press, , 2000.

[2] Saadat. H. “ Power system analysis”, New York. McGraw-Hill. New York 2002.

[3] G. Breuer, "Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Technology for the Future." Proceedings of 20" Annual Electrical / Electronics Insulation Conference, Boston. MA, October 7-10. 1991

[4] A. berizzi, M. Delfanti, P. Marannino, M. S. Pasquadibisceglie and A. Silvestri, “Enhanced security-constrained OPF with FACTS devices”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1597-1605, Aug. 2005.

[5] H. W. Dommel, W. F. Tinney, “Optimal Power Flow Solutions”, IEEE Transactions on power apparatus and systems, Vol. PAS-87, No. 10, pp. 1866-1876, October 1968.

[6] G. N.Taranto, L.M.V.G. Pinto, and M.V.F.Pereira, “Representation of FACTS Devices in Power System Economic Dispatch”, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 7, pp 572-576, May 1992.

[7] A. Kazemi, and B. Badrzadeh, “Modeling and Simulation of SVC and TCSC to Study their Limits on Maximum Loadability Point,” Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 26, pp. 619-626, Apr. 2004.

[8] A. Mendes, P. M. Franca, C. Lyra, C. Pissarra, and C. Cavellucci, “Capacitor placement in large-sized radial distribution networks,” IEE Proceeding of Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 152, no. 4, pp. 496–502, Jul. 2005.

[9] A.A. Edris, R. Aapa, M.H. Baker, L. Bohman, K. Clark, “Proposed Terms and Definitions for Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 1848- 1853, 1997.

[10] Dommel H.W., Tinney W.F., Optimal Power Flow Solutions, IEEE Transactions on power apparatus and systems, vol. PAS.87, No. 10, 1968, p. 1866-1876.

[11] D.J. Gotham, G.T. Heydt, “Power Flow Control and Power Flow Studies for System with FACTS Devices”, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems., Vol. 13, No. 1, 1998.

[12] B. H. Chowdhury and S. Rahman, "A review of recent advances in economic dispatch," IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, vol. 5, pp. 1248- 1259, November 1990.

[13] D.C. Walters and G. B. Sheble, “Genetic Algorithm Solution of Economic Dispatch with Valve Point Loading, “IEEE Trans. Power System, Vol-8, pp 1325-1332, aug 1993.

[14] K.S. Swamp and S. Yamashuo, “Unit commitment solution methodology using genetic algorithm,” IEEE Transaction Power Systems, vol. 17, pp. 87-91, Feb. 2002.

[15] R. Narmatha Banu and D. Devaraj, "Genetic Algorithm Approach for Optimal Power Flow with FACTS Devices," 4th International IEEE Conference Intelligent Systems, Varna, September 2008.

[16] H.C Leung and T.S.Chung” Optimal Power Flow with a Versatile FACTS Controller by Genetic algorithm approach” in Proc. of the 5th conference on advances in power system control, operation and management, APSCOM 2000, Hong Kong, Oct 2000.

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Release of Drug (Metformin)-Chitosan Microsphere: A Review

Author: Amit Kumar Singal

Abstract— In the recent past, substantial scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of rate controlled oral drug delivery systems to counter the adversities of conventional drugs and its administration. Several attempts have been made towards developing biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as potential drug delivery devices. The release of drug was not affected by the changes in parameters but was affected when sodium alginate concentration was changed. In the last few years, drug delivery systems have enormously up their execution, forwarding from simple pills to sustained/controlled production and sophisticated programmable delivery systems. Therefore, the present study target to produce the controlled ejects formulation of metformin hydrochloride deployed in the chitosan microspheres. In this paper we study about the processes exist in market for release of drugs.

Keywords— Metformin, micro particles, drug, chitosan microsphere, iguanid, Drug delivery systems

References-

[1] Ghodake J.D.1*, Vidhate J.S.1, Shinde D.A.2, Kadam A.N., “Formulation And Evaluation Of Floating Microsphere Containing Anti-Diabetic (Metformin Hydrochloride) Drug”, International Journal of PharmTech Research, Vol.2, No.1, pp 378-384, Jan-Mar 2010.

[2] B. Pavan Kumar, I. Sarath Chandiran, B. Bhavya, M. Sindhuri, “Microparticulate Drug Delivery System: A Review”, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Research, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2011

[3] Navneet Garud and Akanksha Garud, “Acute toxicity studies of metformin microspheres prepared by two different methods”, Pelagia Research Library, Der Pharmacia Sinica, 2012.

[4] Hemanta Kumar Sharma, Jadavesh Mohapatra and Lila Kanta Nath, “Development and characterization of metformin loaded spray dried Bora rice microspheres”, Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., Vol.26, No.1, January 2013

[5] A. Semalty, “Preparation and Evaluation of Chitosan Microsphere of Metformin Hydrochloride and to Study the Effect of Drug to Polymer Ratio”, International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Chemical Sciences, Vol. 3 (2) Apr-Jun 2014

[6] Sanjukta Duarah, Kunal Pujari, Jyotirmoy Ghosh, and Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan, “Formulation and Evaluation of Metformin Engineered Polymeric Nanoparticles for Biomedical Purpose”, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, May–June 2015.

[7] Yang, S.C., Lu, L.F., Cai, Y., Zhu, B.J., Liang, W.B., and Yang, C.Z., Body distribution in mice of intravenously injected campothecin in solid lipid nanoparticle and targeting effect on brain. Journal of Controlled Release.1999; 59: 299-307.

[8] Avinash, B., Steven, J.S., and Karen, I., Controlling the in-vitro release profiles for a system of haloperidol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2007; 51: 87-92.

[9] Anna, G., Hanna, A., and Anna, B., “Reversed phase thin layer chromatography of three new oral anti diabetics and densitometric determination of pioglitazone” Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 2005