Performance Evaluation of Waste Vegetable Cooking Oil as Biodiesel

Author: Ogur, E. O., Mbatia, B. N.

Abstract-- This work involved the production of biodiesel from waste vegetable cooking oil and testing for the engine torque, brake power and specific fuel consumption of a conventional diesel engine utilizing the produced biodiesel from the waste vegetable cooking oil. The results obtained were compared with those for petro-diesel fuel. The results showed that the value of brake power for petro-diesel was closely matched with that of biodiesel. Similarly the value for engine torque for petro-diesel was higher than that of biodiesel, due to the oxygen content in biodiesel. The average value obtained for the specific fuel consumption for biodiesel was higher than that of petro-diesel. Results obtained in this study showed that biodiesel obtained from waste vegetable oil had properties close to petrol-diesel. Keywords-- Waste vegetable cooking oil; biodiesel; transesterification; glycerol.

[1] Hamed M., El-Mashad., Ruihong Z. and Roberto J. A. (2006) A two-step process for biodiesel production from salmon oil. Biosystem Engineering 99:220-227. [2] Nakpong P. and Sasiwimol W. (2009). Biodiesel production from mixtures of vegetable oil and used cooking oil. Asian Journal on Energy and Environment.10: 221-229. [3] Loh S. K., Choo Y. M., Cheng S. F and Ma A. N. (2006). Recovery and conversion of palm olein derived used frying oil to methyl esters for biodiesel. Journal of Oil Palm Research.18:247– 52. [4] Meher L. C., Sagar D. V. and Naik S. N. (2006a). Technical aspects of biodiesel production by Transesterification—a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10: 248-268. [5] Meher L. C., Sagar D.V. and Naik S.N. (2006b). Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Pongamia pinnata oil for production of biodiesel. Bioresource Technology, 97: 1392-1397.

Modeling and Managing The Biological Treatment Process Through The Use of Neural Networks

Authors: Gheorghe – Constantin IONESCU 1, George-Lucian IONESCU

Abstract— Neural networks, characterized by parallelism and learning capacity, represent a prime solution for the development of robust and adaptive regulators, especially in situations in which the dynamics of the process is non linear, complex or unknown. In this paper, the authors propose the implementation of modeling and management techniques of the biological wastewater treatment process, utilizing neural networks, elaborating a series of schemes such as: Control methods based on neural networks, Principle scheme of a neural optimizer etc. Keywords— neural network, biological neuron, sinapse

[1] G. L. Ionescu, Gh. C. Ionescu, Aura Sâmbeteanu, Tehnologii moderne pentru epurarea apelor uzate (Modern technologies for wastewater treatment), Editura MatrixRom – Bucureşti, 2013. [2] E. Gligor, Contribuţii la optimizarea energetică a instalaţiilor şi echipamentelor din cadrul staţiilor de epurare a apelor uzate (Contributions to energy optimization of facilities and equipment in the wastewater treatment plants, PhD. Thesis Oradea, 2011). [3] Diana Robescu, Modelarea proceselor biologice de epurare a apelor uzate (Modeling biological wastewater processes), Editura Politehnica Press Bucureşti, 2009. [4] Diana, Robescu, S. Iliescu, D. Robescu ş.a., Controlul automat al proceselor de epurare a apelor uzate (Automatic control of wastewater treatment processes), Editura Tehnică Bucureşti, 2008. [5] Gheorghe I. Gheorghe, N. Băran, O. Donţu, D. Besnea, G.L. Ionescu – Electromechanical system for the displacement of fine bubble generators that oxygenate stationary waters – 5 th International Conference on Innovations, Recent Trends and Challenges in Mechatronics, Mechanical Engineering and New High-Tech Products Development – MECAHITECH’13 Bucharest, Romania September 12th -13th, 2013. [6] G.L. Ionescu, Paolo Bertola, O. Donţu – Solutions for qualitative and quantitative rainwater management – CIEM 2013 (Conferinţa Internaţională de Energie şi Mediu), 7-8 noiembrie 2013 Bucureşti.

Effect of Three Weeks of Drying After Terminating Water Uptake at Different Times on Seed Germination in Some Cereals

Authors: Mustafa Yildirim, Ziya Dumlupinar

Abstract-- Arid and semi-arid regions may experience extended dry periods with little or no precipitation, which can cause winter cereal seeds that have already begun to germinate (and to draw water from the soil) to dry and wither. Even in the event that rains resume after an extended period of dryness, it is generally observed that most, if not all, of the dried seeds are unable to draw water and germinate once again. This phenomenon related to the drying of germinating seeds is called “alatav” in Turkish. This study was conducted to identify the first water uptake rates (WU) of three cereal species and their genotypes (the Gerek and Sultan genotypes of bread wheat, the Kunduru and Dumlupinar genotypes of durum wheat, and the Karma and Presto genotypes of triticale) for a period of 50 hours, and to determine their germination rates (GR) at the second water uptake after the seeds are dried for three weeks. The GR value of the Dumlupinar genotype remained above 0% for the longest period (until the 40th hour, at which time the WU was 64.3%); it was followed by the Kunduru and Gerek genotypes (WU value of 78.2% at 37th hour and 86.5% at the 36th hour, respectively). There was a negative correlation between WU and GR (r = –0.7545*) for all of the genotypes. Therefore, the relationship between GR and WU is a considerable importance for improving our understanding of cereals species’ and their genotypes’ response and resistance to alatav. Keywords-- Alatav, cereals, germination, time, water uptake

[1] Khayatnezhad, M., R. Gholamin, S. Jamaati-e-Somarin and R. Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad. 2010. Study of water stres effect on wheat genotypes on Germination Indexes. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. 6: 657–660. [2] Zaefizadeh, M., S. Jamaati-e-Somarin, R. Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad and M. Khayatnezhad. 2011. Discriminate analyses of the osmotic stress tolerance of different sub-convars of durum wheat during germination. Advan. Environ. Biol. 5: 74–80. [3] Abdoli, M. and S. Mohsen. 2012. Effects of water deficiency stress during seed growth on yield and its components, germination and seedling growth parameters of some wheat cultivars. Int. J. Agric. Crop Sci. 15: 1110–1118. [4] Rawlins, J.K., B.A. Roundy, D. Egget and N. Cline. 2012. Predicting germination in semi–arid wildland seedbeds. II. Field validation of wet-thermal time models. Environ. Exp. Bot. 76: 68– 73. [5] Galle, A., P. Haldimann and U. Feller. 2007. Photosynthetic performance and water relations in young pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens) trees during drought stress and recovery. New Phytol. 174:799–810. [6] Ahmad, S., R. Ahmad, M.Y. Ashraf, M. Ashraf and E.A. Waraich. 2009. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to drought stress at germination and seedling growth stages. Pakistan J. Bot. 41:647-54. [7] Almaghrabi, O.A. 2012. Impact of drought stress on germination and seedling growth parameters of some wheat cultivars. Life Sci. J. 9: 590–598. [8] Rajala, A., K. Hakala, P. Makela, S. Muurinen and P. PeltonenSainio. 2009. Spring wheat response to timing of water deficit through sink and grain filling capacity. Field Crop. Res. 114: 263– 271. [9] Turner, N.C. 2004. Agronomic options for improving rainfall-use efficiency of crops in dryland farming systems. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 2413–2425. [10] Wuest, S.B. and L.K. Lutcher. 2012. Soil Water Potential Requirement for Germination of winter wheat. Soil Sci. Society America J 77: 279–283. [11] Eskandari, H. 2013. Effects of priming technique on seed germination properties, emergence and field performance of crops: A review. Int. J. Agron. Plant Product 4: 454–458. [12] Bateman, G.L., H. Ehle and H.A. Wallace. 1986. Fungicidal treatment of cereal seeds. Pages 83–111 in: Seed treatment. Jeffs KA, ed. BCPC Publications, Thornton Heath, England. [13] Khan, M.A., I. Ungar and A.M. Showalter. 2000. Effect of sodium chloride treatments on growth and ion accumulation of the halophyte Haloxylon recurvum. Communications Soil Sci .Plant Anal. 31: 2763–2774. [14] Torada, A. and Y. Amano. 2002. Effect of seed coat color on seed dormancy in different environments. Euphytica 126: 99–105. [15] Yucel, C., F.S. Baloch, R. Hatipoglu and H. Ozkan. 2011. Genetic analysis of preharvest sprouting tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Tell.). Turkish J. Agric. For. 35: 9–22. [16] Ashraf, C.M. and S. Abu Shakra. 1978. Wheat seed germination under low temperature and moisture stress. Agron. J. 70: 135–139. [17] Bewley, J.D. 1997. Seed Germination and Dormancy. Plant Cell 9: 1055–1066. [18] Bijagare, M.N., S.B. Ghuge and V.S. Hudge. 1994. Effect of moisture stress on seed germination in sorghum. Annals Plant Physiol. 8: 39–41. [19] Li, H., X. Li, D. Zhang, H. Liu and K. Guan. 2013. Effects of drought stress on the seed germination and early seedling growth of the endemic desert plant Eremosparton songoricum (fabaceae). EXCLI J. 12:89-101. [20] Albernethy, R.H., D.S. Thiele, N.S. Petersen and K. Helm. 1989. Thermotolerance is developmentally dependent in germinating wheat seed. Plant Physiol. 89: 596–576. [21] Calıskan, M. and A.C. Cuming. 2000. Temporal and spatial determination of germin biosynthesis in wheat tissues. Turkish J. Biol. 24: 775–782. [22] Harb, A.M. 2013. Reserve Mobilization, Total Sugars and Proteins in Germinating Seeds of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under Water Deficit after Short Period of Imbibition. Jordan J. Biol. Sci. 6: 67–72. [23] Kaosa–ard, T. and S. Songsermpong. 2012. Influence of germination time on the GABA content and physical properties of germinated brown rice. Asian J Food Agro-Indust 5: 270–283. [24] Huang, G., A.J. McCrate, E. Varriano–Marston and G.M. Paulsen. 1983. Caryopsis structural and imbibitional characteristics of some hard red and white wheats. Cereal Chem. 60: 161–165.

The Application of Augmented Lagrangian Methods in Traffic Equilibrium Problems

Authors: Changmin, Li, Xiaoqing, Xie

Abstract—In this paper, we investigate tool setting as a policy to regulate the congestion of roads .According to example, the failure of congestion charging is illustrated. Instead, the strongly control is introduced to overcome this problem. By the advantages of augmented Lagrangian, a simple proof of the existence of optimal control for multiclass equilibrium problems where the value of time parameter varies continuously throughout the population is given. Keywords—network equilibrium problem, system optimal problem, strongly valid control, augmented Lagrangian methods.

[1] Wardrop J. G. 1952. Some theoretical aspects of road traffic research, Proceeding of the institution of Civil Engineers, Part II, 325-378.. [2] Nagurney A. Sustainable Transportation Networks. Edward Elgar Publishers, Cheltenham. 2000

[3] Hearn, D. W. and Ramana, M. V. 1998. Solving congestion toll pricing models. In P. Marcotte and S. Nguyen (Eds.), Equilibrium and Advanced Transportation Modeling, pp. 109C124. Kluwer Academic, Boston, MA. [4] Yang H., Huang H.J. 2004. The Multi-class, Multi-criteria Tra±c Network Equilibrium and Systems Optimum Problem. Transportation Research, 38B: 1-15. [5] Marcotte, P., Zhu, D. L. 2009. Existence and computation of optimal tolls in multiclass network equilibrium problem. Operations Research Letter, in press. [6] Rockafellar, R. T. 1973. A Dual Approach to Solvng Nonlinear Programming Problems by Unconstrained Optimization, Mathematical Programming, Vol.5, pp. 354-373. [7] Zhu, D. L. 2003. Augmented Lagrange Theory, Duality and Decomposition Methods for Variational Inequality Problem. JOTA., pp.195-216.

Data Mining Techniques and Applications in a Healthcare

Authors: Battu Vani , B.Balakrishna

Abstract-- Data mining is a a process that finds helpful patterns from great deal of knowledge the method of extracting antecedently unknown, comprehendible and unjust data from giant databases and victimization it to form crucial business selections - Simoudis 1996 This data processing definition has business flavor and for business environments. However, methoding could be a process that may be applied to any kind of knowledge starting from prognostication meteorology prediction foretelling forecasting prognostication}, electrical load prediction, product style, etc. Data mining can also be outlined because the computer-aid process that digs and analyzes monumental sets of knowledge of dat and so extracting the knowledge or information out of it. By its simplest definition, data processing automates the detections of relevant patterns in information. Keywords-- Data Mining, Classification, Clustering, Association, Healthcare

[1] H. C. Koh and G. Tan, “Data Mining Application in Healthcare”, Journal of Healthcare Information Management, vol. 19, no. 2, (2005). [2] R. Kandwal, P. K. Garg and R. D. Garg, “Health GIS and HIV/AIDS studies: Perspective and retrospective”, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, vol. 42, (2009), pp. 748-755. [3] D. Hand, H. Mannila and P. Smyth, “Principles of data mining”, MIT, (2001). [4] U. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro and P. Smyth, “The KDD process of extracting useful knowledge form volumes of data.commun.”, ACM, vol. 39, no. 11, (1996), pp. 27-34. [5] J. Han and M. Kamber, “Data mining: concepts and techniques”, 2nd ed. The Morgan Kaufmann Series, (2006). [6] U. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro and P. Smyth, “From data mining to knowledge discovery in databases”, Commun. ACM, vol. 39, no. 11, (1996), pp. 24-26. [7] C. McGregor, C. Christina and J. Andrew, “A process mining driven framework for clinical guideline improvement in critical care”, Learning from Medical Data Streams 13th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (LEMEDS). http://ceur-ws. org, vol. 765, (2012). [8] M. Silver, T. Sakara, H. C. Su, C. Herman, S. B. Dolins and M. J. O’shea, “Case study: how to apply data mining techniques in a healthcare data warehouse”, Healthc. Inf. Manage, vol. 15, no. 2, (2001), pp. 155-164. [9] P. R. Harper, “A review and comparison of classification algorithms for medical decision making”, Health Policy, vol. 71, (2005), pp. 315-331. [10] V. S. Stel, S. M. Pluijm, D. J. Deeg, J. H. Smit, L. M. Bouter and P. Lips, “A classification tree for predicting recurrent falling in community-dwelling older persons”, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., vol. 51, (2003), pp. 1356-1364.

New Algorithm for the Onset of Monsoon over Kadapa (14.28⁰ N, 78.42⁰ E)

Authors: S. B. Surendra Prasad, M. Venkatarami Reddy, U. V. Murali Krishna, R. Masthanaiah, K. Krishna Reddy

Abstract- We developed new algorithm for onset of monsoon over Kadapa (14.280 N, 78.420 E) based on wind speed, wind direction from Mini Boundary layer Mast (MBLM), zonal wind speed at 1.5 km (850 hPa) using Global Position System (GPS) radiosonde observations and wind speed at 850 hPa from NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data. Based on this algorithm we define the onset of monsoon over Kadapa as: strengthening of the low level wind speed attaining 8 ms-1 with directional change from south-easterlies to southwesterlies defines the beginning of the monsoon over Kadapa. In addition to this the wind speed of MBLM at 15 m exceeds 5 ms-1 also defines the beginning of Monsoon over Kadapa. Keywords- Onset of Monsoon, MBLM, Wind Speed, Wind direction, Radiosonde

[1] Krishnamurti, T. N., 1985, Summer Monsoon Experiment—A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1590–1626. [2] Fasullo, J., and Webster, P. J., 2003, a hydrological definition of Indian monsoon onset and withdrawal. J. Climate, 16, 3200–3211. [3] Rao, Y. P., 1976, South West Monsoon.India Meteorological Department, 376 pp. [4] Sikka, D. R., and Gadgil, S., 1980, On the maximum cloud zone and the ITCZ over Indian longitudes during the southwest monsoon. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1840–1853. [5] Webster, P. J., Magana, V. O., Palmer, T. N., Shukla, J., Tomas, R. A., Yanai, M. and Yasunari, T., 1998, Monsoons: Processes, Predictability, and the prospects for prediction, J. Geophys. Res., V103, pp14451-14510. [6] Li, C., and Yanai, M., 1996, The onset and interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon in relation to land–sea thermal contrast. J. Climate, 9, 358–375. [7] Goswami, B. N., Wu, G., and Yasunari, T., 2006, The annual cycle, intraseasonal oscillations, and roadblock to seasonal predictability of the Asian summer monsoon. J. Climate, 19, 5078–5099. [8] Ananthakrishnan, R., Pathan, J. M., and Aralikatti, S. S., 1983, The Onset phase of the southwest monsoon, Current Science., V52, pp155-164. [9] Pearce, R. P., and Mohanty, U.C.,1984, Onsets of the Asian Summer Monsoon 1979-82, J. Atmos. Sci., V41, pp1620-1639. [10] Ananthakrishnan, R. and Soman, M.K., 1988, The onset of southwest monsoon over Kerala for the period 1870-1990, Int. J. Climatol., V9, pp283-296. [11] Soman, M. K. and Krishna Kumar, K., 1993, Space-time evolution of meteorological features associated with the onset of the Indian summer monsoon, Mon. Wea. Rev., V121, pp1177-1194. [12] Joseph, P.V., Eishcheid, J. K. and Pyle, R. J., 1994, Interannual variability of the onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon and its Association with atmospheric features, El Nino and sea surface temperature anomalies, J. Climate, V7, p81-105. [13] Joseph P.V., Sooraj, K. P., and Rajan. C. K., 2006, The Summer Monsoon onset over Process over South Asia and an Objective method for the Date of Monsoon Onset over Kerala, International Journal of Climatology, V26, pp1871-1893. [14] Kawamura, R., Fukuta, Y., and Ueda, H., 2002, A mechanism of the onset of the Australian summer monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 107, doi:10.1029/2001JD001070. [15] Krishnamurti, T. N., Ardanuy, P., Ramanathan, Y., and Pasch, R., 1981, On the onset vortex of the summer monsoon, Mon. Weather Rev., 109, 344– 363. [16] Rao, P. L. S., Mohanty, U. C., and Ramesh, K. J., 2005, The evolution and retreat features of the summer monsoon over India, Meteorol. Appl., 12, 241– 255. [17] Goswami, B. N., and Ajaya Mohan, R. S., 2001, Intra seasonal oscillations and inter annual variability of the Indian summer monsoon, J. Clim., 14, 1180–1198. [18] Taniguchi, K., and Koike, T., 2006, Comparison of definitions of Indian summer monsoon onset: Better representation of rapid transitions of atmospheric conditions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02709, doi:10.1029/2005GL024526. [19] Reddy, S. J., 1977, Forecasting the onset of southwest monsoon over Kerala. Indian J. Meteor. Geophys., 28, 113–114. [20] Subbaramayya, I., and Bhanukumar, O. S. R. U., 1978, The onset and northern limit of southwest monsoon. Meteor. Mag., 107, 37–47. [21] Kung, E. C., and Shariff, T. A., 1982, Long-range forecasting of the Indian summer monsoon onset and rainfall with upper air parameters and sea surface temperature. J. Meteor. Soc. India, 60, 672–681. [22] Deshpande, V. R., Kripalani, R. H. and D. K. Paul, 1986, some facts about monsoon onset dates over Kerala and Bombay. Mausam, 37, 467–470. [23] Joseph, P. V., and Pillai, P. V., 1988, 40-day mode of equatorial trough for long range forecasting of Indian summer monsoon onset. Curr. Sci., 57, 951–954. [24] Rajeevan, M., and Dube, D. P., 1995, Long range prediction of monsoon onset over Kerala. Mausam, 46, 287–290. [25] Ghanekar, S. P., Puranik, P. V., and Bhide, U. V., 2003, Forecasting the onset of monsoon over Kerala using the peak in pre monsoon convective activity over south peninsular India. Mausam, 54, 645– 652. [26] Kalnay, E., et al. (1996), The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437–472.

Wi-Gig : Technical Challenges in Directional Beamforming

Authors: Ieryung Park, Dongsoo Har

ITU-T Future Networks and Its Frmework of Virtualization

Authors: Ziaul Ain Usmani, Dr. Gulabchand K. Gupta

Abstract — International Telecommunication Unionitelecommunication (ITU-T) is an specialized agency in the field of information and communication technologies (ICTs) set up by the united nations. It is continuously making an effort to develop next generation and future network technologies such as network virtualization and published may Recommendations on it. ITU-T started working on the standardization of future networks in 2009 and published some initial recommendations. On network virtualization it has published Recommendation Y.3011. This article presents the background, objectives, design goals, and network virtualization which provides an important concept of logically isolated network partitions (LINP). ITU-T assumes that the target time frame for future networks (FNs) falls approximatelt between 2015 and 2020. Keywords—Future Network, ITU-T, Network virtualization, LINP, Recommendations of ITU-T.

[1] ITU-T Recommendation Y.3001 (2011), "Future networks: Objectives and design goals".. [2] ITU-T Recommendation Y.3011 (2012), "Framework of network virtualization for future networks". [3] ITU-T Recommendation Y.3021 (2012), "Future networks: Framework of energy saving for future networks" [4] ITU-T Recommendation Y.3031 (2012), "Future networks: [5] Matsubara D. et al., “Towards Future Networks: A Viewpoint from ITU-T”, IEEE Commun. Mag., Vol 51, no. 3, March 2013, pp 112- 118. [6] Masturba D. et al., “open the Way to Future Networks-A Viewpoint Framaeworkfrom ITU-T”, FIA 2013, LNCS 7858, pp. 27-38, link.springer .com. [7] ITU-T recommendation F.851 (1995): Universal Personal Telecommunication (UPT)-services description (service Set 1). [8] ITU-T recommendation Y.2091 (2011): Terms and definition for Next Generation Networks. [9] Chaudhury N. M. and BautabaR. (2010), “A Survey of Network Virtualization”, Computer Networks, Vol 54 (No. 5, April), pp. 862- 876. [10] GENI: Global Environment for Network Innovations GDD-06-08 (2006), GENI Design Principles. Spector, A. Z. 1989. Achieving application requirements. In Distributed Systems, S. Mullende [11] Nakao, A. (2010), “Network Virtualization as Foundation for Enabling New Network architecture and Applications”, IEICE Transactions on Communications, Vol. E93-B (No. 3), pp.-454-457. [12] Vermesan O. and Friess P. (2011), “Internet of Things-Global Technologies and Social Trends”’ Aalborg, Denmark: River Publishers. [13] Berger T. (2006), “Analysis of Current VPN Technologies”, in Proc. Of the first Int. Conf. on availability, Reliability and security (ARES 06), IEEE Computer Society, (April), pp. 108-115. [14] IETF RFC 4093 (2005), “Problem Statement: Mobile IPv4 Traversal of Virtual Private Network (VPN) Gateway”

[15] IETF RFC 5265 (2008), “Mobile IPv4 Traversal across IPSecBased VPN Gateways. [16] Yu M. et al. (2011), “A Survey of Virtual LAN Usage in Campus Networks”, IEEE Commun. Mag., Vol 49, no. 7, July 2011, pp 98- 103. [17] Smith, G et al. (2007), “Wireless Virtualization on Commodity 802.11 hardware”, in Proc. Of Second ACM Int. Workshop on Wireless Network testbed, experimental evaluation and characterization WinTECH ’07, New York; ACM, pp. 75-82.

A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Decision Support in Collaborative E-Learning

Authors: Issam Matazi, Rochdi Messoussi, Abdellah Bennane, Raja Touahni

Abstract— Research works presented in this article are dedicated to the automation of learners support in collaborative e- learning. In this paper we present an intelligent multi-agent system for supporting learners in collaborative learning environment. The aim of our system is to analyze the interaction among learners and the calculation of socials indicators. The system then proposes automatically particular recommendations for the learners. The automation of the tutor roles is achieved by an agent that uses fuzzy logic techniques for its machine learning.

Keywords—artificial intelligence, collaborative learning Fispro, fuzzy logic, indicators, machine learning, multi-agent system.

References-

[1] M . Walckiers, T. De Praetere, ―L'apprentissage collaboratif en ligne : huit avantages qui en font un must .Distances et savoirs,‖ Volume 2 - n° 1 / 2004.

[2] A. L. Soller, ―Supporting Social Interaction in an Intelligent Collaborative Learning,‖ System.International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (2001), 12

[3] A. Mbala, C. Reffay, and T. chanier, ―SIGFAD : un système multiagents pour soutenir les utilisateurs en formation à distance, ‖ Actes de la conférence EIAH 2003, Strasbourg (France). Eds. Desmoulins C., Marquet P., Bouhineau D. Institut National de Rechercche Pédagogique. pp. 319-330.

[4] J. Israel, R. Aiken, ― Supporting Collaborative Learning withan Intelligent Web-Based System,‖ International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 17 (2007) 3-40.

[5] T. Djouad, ―Analyser l‘activité d‘apprentissage collaboratif :Une approche par transformations spécialisées de traces d‘interactions, ‖ 2nde Rencontres Jeunes Chercheurs en EIAH, RJC-EIAH'2008.

[6] I. Oumaira, R. Messoussi, ―SYSAT : Système pour le soutien des apprenants et des tuteurs engagés dans une activité d‘apprentissage en ligne, ‖Colloque JOCAIR 2008 (Journées Communication et Apprentissage Instrumentées en Réseau), Hermès Sciences, Lavoisier, Amiens, France, pages 277—289, Août 2008.

[7] S. DJAABOUB, ―Logique floue et SMA : Aide à la décision floue dans les systèmes multi-agents. Memoire de magister (2009). Universitaire Mentouri de Constantine Algerié.

[8] L.A. Zadeh, ― Fuzzy Sets,‖ Information and control » ,Vol

[9] J. Ferber, ―Les systèmes multi- agents, vers une intelligente collective InterEdition, 1995

[10] M. Wooldridge, ―An Introduction to Multi A-gent Systems,‖ John Wiley & Sons. p. 366. ISBN 0-471-49691-X,2002.

[11] A. BENANE, ―Adaptive Educational Software by Applying,‖ Informatics in Education, 2013, Vol. 12, No. 1, 13–27

[12] D. Xu, H. Wang, ―Intelligent agent supported personalization for virtual learning environments, ―Decision Support Systems 42 (2006) 825– 843.

[13] J.P. Augustin, B. Everton, and Vicari, R.M. (2003). Considering Student‘s Emotions in computational Educational System. XIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Informáticana Educação- NCE- IM/UFRJ .http://www.nce.ufrj.br/sbie2003/publicacoes/paper54.pdf

[14] R.M Viccari, D.A. Ovalle, and J.A. Jim´enez, (2007) ―Teaching/Learning Multi-Agent Environment Using Instructional Planning and Cases-Based Reasoning (CBR),‖http://www.clei.cl/cleiej/papers/v10i1p4.pdf.

[15] S. AOUAG : Individualisation de l‘apprentissage dans un Système Tuteur Intelligent : cas de l‘apprentissage de la lecture dans le système AMICAL. Thèse de doctorat (2012): Université Blaise Pascal Clermont FerrandII.http://tel.archivesouvertes.fr/docs/00/65/88/46/PDF/Aouag .pdf

[16] I .Oumaira, R. Messoussi and R. Touahni, ―Mise en expérimentation d‘un système d‘assistance au tuteur basé sur la réutilisation des indicateurs d‘analyse automatique des interactions,‖10e Colloque Africain sur la Recherche en Informatique et en Mathématiques Appliquées CARI'2010.

[17] R. Stathacopoulou, ―Monitoring students‘actions and using teachers‘ expertise in implementing and evaluating the neural network-based fuzzy diagnostic model,‖.Expert Systems with Applications 32 (2007) 955–975.SciencesDirect.

[18] S. Guillaume, B. Charnomodric, ―Learninig Interperetable Fuzzy Inference System with Fispro,‖ International Journal of information sciences doi:10.1016/j.ins.2011.03.025 , 181(20), 4409-4427, 2011.

[19] P.Y. Glorennec, Quelques aspects analytiques des systèmes d‘inférence floue, Journal Européen des Systèmes automatisés 30 (2–3) (1996) 231–254. Serge Guillaume and Brigitte Charnomordic. A new method for inducing a set of interpretable fuzzy partitions and fuzzy inference systems from data, volume 128 of Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, pages 148–175.Springer, 2003.

[20] J. Solis and R. J. Wets, ―Minimization by random search techniques,‖Mathematics of Operation Research, vol. 6, pp. 19–30, 1981.

[21] F. J. Solis and R. J. Wets, ―Minimization by random search techniques,‖Mathematics of Operation Research, vol. 6, pp. 19–30, 1981

[22] P.-Y. Glorennec, Constrained optimization of FIS using an evolutionary method, ser. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing. Physica- Verlag, 1996, pp. 349–368.

Flow and Temperature Analysis inside Flat Plate Air Heating Solar Collectors

Authors: Samah Alghoul, Mohamed Ben Nagi

Abstract— Solar energy is considerably cheap, safe and sustainable source of energy. One of the simplest applications of solar energy is domestic heating and crop drying using air solar collectors. In this paper, an explicit finite difference scheme is implemented in order to study the flow of air inside flat-plate air solar collectors. That is performed by solving the continuity, momentum and energy equations governing the problem with the choice of the appropriate boundary conditions. The application of the explicit finite difference scheme in this case proved to be reliable and convergent in the range of the studied parameters. The velocity field and the temperature distribution are calculated and showed good agreement with other published experimental results.

Keywords— solar air heating, flat-plate collector, velocity field, temperature distribution, explicit FDM

References-

[1] Tian, Y. and C.-Y. Zhao, A review of solar collectors and thermal energy storage in solar thermal applications. Applied Energy, 2013. 14: p. 538-553.

[2] Al-Khaffajy, M. and R. Mossad, Optimization of the heat exchanger in a flat plate indirect heating integrated collector storage solar water heating system. Renewable Energy, 2013. 57(0): p. 413-421.

[3] Bhandari, D. and S. Singh, Performance analysis of flat plate solar air collectors with and without fins. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology 2012. 1(6).

[4] Bracamonte, J. and M. Baritto, Optimal aspect ratios for nonisothermal flat plate solar collectors for air heating. Solar Energy, 2013. 97(0): p. 605-613.

[5] Saravanakumar, P.T., K. Mayilsamy, and M. Mohanraj, Numerical Study and Thermal Performance of the Flat Plate Solar Air Heaters with and without Thermal Storage. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2006. 7(4).

[6] Alghoul, S. and M. Alhrari. Numerical solution of non-dimensional governing equations of a flat plate solar air collector with and without storage bed. in International Conference on Automation, Control, Engineering and Computer Science 2014. Monaster - Tunisia: Procceding Engineering and Technology.

[7] El-Sawi, A.M., et al., Application of folded sheet metal in flat bed solar air collectors. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010. 30(8–9): p. 864-871.

[8] Fox, R.W., P.J. Pritchard, and A.T. McDonald, Fox and McDonald's introduction to fluid mechanics. 2011, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

[9] Flow Between Parallel Plates. [cited 2014 1/9/2014]; Available from: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gsapp/BT/RESEARCH/Archatmos.

A Survey on Web Service Mining by Collaborative Filtering and QoS

Authors: S.Urmela, Dr. K. Suresh Joseph, K. Vaitheki

Abstract— Web service mining has become one of the promising areas of Service Oriented Architecture. Web service discovery methods include syntactic based system and semantic based system. Recommender system plays a vital role in recommending a product to customer, seldom used for web service recommendation. A variety of techniques have been proposed for performing recommendation namely, content-based, collaborative, demographic-based and other techniques. To improve performance these techniques has been combined in hybrid recommendation system. The most widely used filtering technique of recommender system is collaborative filtering. In this paper, we describe various collaborative filtering by QoS rating techniques applied to web service mining and addresses various collaborative filtering problems namely, cold-start problem, gray sheep problem, synonym problem, ramp-up problem, shilling attack, data sparsity and scalability.

Keywords— Web service mining, Service Oriented Architecture, Recommender system, Collaborative Filtering, QoS.

References-

[1] P.W. Foltz, S.T. Dumais, ―Personalized information delivery: an analysis of information filtering methods‖, Communications of the ACM, Special issue on information filtering, Volume 35, Issue 12, December 1992, pp: 51 – 60.

[2] Pradnya Khutade, Rashmi Phalnikar, ―QoS based web service discovery using oo concepts‖, International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER), ISSN No: 2250- 3536, Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2012, pp. 81-86.

[3] Introduction to Web Services - NetBeans IDE: https://netbeans.org/kb/docs/websvc/intro-ws.html

[4] Web Services Activity Statement - World Wide Web Consortium: http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/Activity

[5] What Are Web Services? - The Java EE 6 Tutorial: http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/tutorial/doc/gijvh.html

[6] Zhi Zhong Liu, Zong Pu Jia, Xiao Xue, Ji Yu An, ―Reliable Web service composition based on QoS dynamic prediction‖, Springer Journal of soft computing, ISSN. 1433-7479, July 2014.

[7] Mohammad Alrifai,Thomas Risse,Wolfgang Nejdl, ―A hybrid approach for efficient Web service composition with end-to-end QoS‖, ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB), Article No. 7, Volume 6 Issue 2, May 2012.

[8] Yuliang Shi, Jinan, Kun Zhang, Bing Liu, Lizhen Cui, ―A New QoS Prediction Approach Based on User Clustering and Regression Algorithms‖, IEEE International Conference on Web Services(ICWS), Washington, DC, ISBN. 978-0-7695-4463-2, 4-9 July 2011.

[9] Yilei Zhang, Shatin, Zibin Zheng, Lyu, M.R., ―WSPred: a timeaware personalized QoS prediction framework for Web Services‖, IEEE 22nd international Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE), Hiroshima, ISSN. 1071-9458, pp. 210-219, November 29 2011-December 2 2011.

[10] Molood Makhlughian, Seyyed Mohsen Hashemi, Yousef Rastegari, Emad Pejman, ―Web Service Selection Based on Ranking of QoS Using Associative Classification‖, Springer International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2012 DOI. 10.5121/ijwsc.2012.3101.

[11] Raj, R.J.R. , Sasipraba, T., ―Web service selection based on QoS Constraints‖, Springer Trendz in Information Sciences & Computing (TISC) Chennai, Print ISBN. 978-1-4244-9007-317-19, pp. 156-162, December 2010.

[12] Rajendran, T. Balasubramanie, P., ―An optimal agent-based architecture for dynamic Web service discovery with QoS‖, Springer International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) Karur, Print ISBN. 978-1- 4244-6591-0, pp. 1-7, 29-31 July 2010.

[13] Gang Ye, Wuhan, Chanle Wu, Jun Yue, Shi Cheng, ―A QoS-Aware Model for Web Services Discovery‖, Springer First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, 2009. ETCS '09. (Volume:3 ), Wuhan, Hubei, Print ISBN. 978-1-4244- 3581-4, pp. 740 – 744, 7-8 March 2009.

[14] Atisha Sachan, ―A Survey on Recommender Systems based on Collaborative Filtering Technique‖, International journal of Innovations in Engineering and technology (IJIET), ISSN. 2319- 1058, Volume 2 Issue 2, April 2013.

[15] Xiaoyuan Su, Taghi M. Khoshgoftaar, ―A Survey of Collaborative Filtering Techniques‖, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Article ID 421425, 19 pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/421425.

[16] Y. Koren, ―Tutorial on recent progress in collaborative filtering,‖ in Proceedings of the the 2nd ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, 2008.

[17] Jun Wang, ―Unifying user-based and item-based collaborative filtering approaches by similarity fusion‖, Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, New York, USA, ISBN:1- 59593-369-7, pp. 501-508, DOI. 10.1145/1148170.1148257.

[18] David M. Pennock, Eric Horvitz, Steve Lawrence, C. Lee Giles, ‖Collaborative Filtering by Personality Diagnosis: A Hybrid Memory- and Model-Based Approach‖, Proceedings of the Sixteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-2000), pp. 473-480, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2000.

[19] Breese, J. S., Heckerman, D., Kadie, C., ―Empirical analysis of predictive algorithms for collaborative filtering‖, Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 43-52, 1998.

[20] Understanding quality of service for Web services: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-quality/index.html

[21] Summary of Quality Model for Web Services: https://www.oasisopen.org/committees/download.php/15444/Compa rsion%20of%20WSQM%20& %20QoS%20FE.doc

[22] Mohamad Mehdi, Nizar Bouguila, Jamal Bentahar, ―Probabilistic approach for QoS-aware recommender system for trustworthy web service selection‖, Springer Journal of Applied Intelligence, Volume 41, Issue 2 , pp 503-524, Online ISSN. 1573-7497, DOI. 10.1007/s10489-014-0537-x.

[23] Szu-Yin Lin, ―A trustworthy QoS-based collaborative filtering approach for web service discovery‖, Journal of Systems and Software, Volume 93, July 2014, pp. 217–228, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.01.036.

[24] Lina Yao, Sheng, Q.Z., Segev, A., Jian Yu, ―Recommending Web Services via Combining Collaborative Filtering with Content-based Features‖, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS),Santa Clara, June 28 2013-July 3, pp. 42-49, DOI. 10.1109/ICWS.2013.16.

[25] Chengying Mao, Jifu Chen, ― QoS Prediction for Web Services Based on Similarity-Aware Slope One Collaborative Filtering‖, Journal of Informatica 37 (2013), pp. 139–148.

[26] Qi Yu ,‖QoS-aware service selection via collaborative QoS evaluation‖, Springer Journal of World Wide Web, Volume 17, Issue 1 , pp 33-57, Online ISSN. 1573-1413, DOI. 10.1007/s11280-012-0186-0.

[27] Yali LI, Shanliang Pan, Xi Huang, ―A Kind of Web Service Recommendation Method Based on Hybrid Collaborative Filtering‖, Journal of Computational Information Systems, October 15, 2012, pp. 8357–8364, Available at http://www.Jofcis.com.

[28] Zibin Zheng , Hao Ma, Lyu, M.R., King, I., ― QoS-Aware Web Service Recommendation by Collaborative Filtering‖, IEEE Transactions on service Computing, Volume. 4, Issue. 2, ISSN. 1939-1374, pp. 140-152, April-June 2011, DOI. 10.1109/TSC.2010.52. International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Te

Classification of Factor Affecting to Roof Leaking on Malaysia Selected Heritage Buildings

Authors: Roslan Talib, A Ghafar Ahmad, Mohd Zailan Sulieman

Abstract—The purpose of this paper is to share the findings focusing on the typical building problems facing the heritage or old buildings in term of the problem of building leakage scenario in Malaysia. Looking from the problem finding perspective, the paper tabulate a list of potential solutions best practiced by the local waterproofing implementer. It is important for the reader to take advantage on the information of the extensive list of the real case studies pertaining to the building leakage syndrome typically happened mostly to heritage structure in the Malaysia hot and humid tropical climate. The plus side about this paper is that all the case studies are derived from the real selected projects done by the associated building maintenance contractor for the last 20 years. By identifying the possible factors that cause the leakage, one can take early steps to prevent the same defects form repeating thus saves a lot of money! From the finding analysis, this paper also giving the formulation ideas that can be used for creating a framework to prevent or minimize the building leakage syndrome from happening again. As the old buildings or the buildings that old enough to be considered worth to keep are becoming more valuable to either the central Government or the local council; the analysis from this paper may give some meaningful tabulation on how to maintain these heritage buildings from leakage especially from the roof seepage thus make the property much more valuable to the owner and may give profit to the locality as well.

Keywords—Leakage, Heritage, Building; Maintenance, Defects, Malaysia

[1] Talib, R., Sulieman, M.Z. 2012. ―Case studies: Applying waterproofing systems for the University building‘s flat roof.‖, Bulletin of Research and Comm. Engagement (BRACE),HBP USM, Vol.2 (1),pp.39-41.

[2] Kamal, K.S. and Harun, S.N., 2002. Proceedings: International symposium Building Research and sustainability of Built Environment in the Tropics. Jakarta, Indonesia

[3] Kamal, K.S. and Harun, S.N., 2002. Proceedings: International symposium Building Research and sustainability of Built Environment in the Tropics. Jakarta, Indonesia

[4] Rashid, R, A. and Ahmad, A.G., 2008. The implementation of maintenance works for historical buildings – a review on the current scenario. ICBEDC, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

[5] Talib, R., 2008. The problem of flat roofing system in tropical climate: case study - a high-rise building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ICONDA®CIBlibrary, Fraunhofer, Rotterdam, 177-84.

[6] Rahman, A.M.A., Akash, Z.A., Abdullah, M.S., Musa, M.K., 2000. Issues and Problems Affecting the Implementation and Effectiveness of Heritage Buildings Maintenance‘ available at: https://www.academia.edu/2854812/Issues_and_problems_affecting _the_implementation_and_effectiveness_of_heritage_buildings_mai ntenance (access 23rd July 2014).

[7] Marshall, D., Worthing, D., Heath, R. and Dann, N., 2014. Understanding Housing Defects. Routledge, London & New York.

[8] Addleson, L., 1992. Building Failures: A Guide to Diagnosis, Remedy and Prevention. Butterworth- Heinemann, Oxford.

[9] Stringer, P.H., 1977 .Maintenance Practice Manual; Section One, External Decoration- Scottish Local Authorities Special Housing Group. The Construction Press, Lancaster.

[10] Stringer, P.H., 1975. Housing Maintenance Manual; Vol.1 Section 1- 5, Structure and Finishes- Scottish Local Authorities Special Housing Group. The Construction Press, Lancaster.

Android Programming Design for Matrix Method of Static Structural Analysis on Smart Phones Using App Inventor 2

Authors: Huang Li-Jeng, Chiu Yu-Chuan, Hung Yu-Ting, Jian Ya-Shin

Abstract—App Inventor and its new version, App Inventor2, are no-code open platform for Android mobile app development using drag-and-drop approach and visual programming environment. They provide easy environments for people to create apps executable on Android platforms such as smart phones and handheld pads. This paper is aimed at Android programming for professional application, i.e., matrix method of static structural analysis (MMSSA). System development procedures, layout design and program coding will be explained. A typical numerical example of static analysis of statically in-determinated continuous beam will be employed to show the results of analysis and plotting such as the shearing force diagram, bending moment diagram, rotation angle diagram and displacement diagrams. These plots will be compared with those obtained by the counterpart developed using EXCEL with VBScript and run on the desktop PC.

Keywords—Android Apps, App Inventor2, Matrix Methods, Smart Phones, Static Structural Analysis.

References-

[1] Hsieh, Y. Y. and Mau, S. T. 1998. Elementary Theory of Structures. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

[2] Hsu, D. S. 1996. Theory of Structural Analysis (1) (2). (In Chinese)

[3] Hibbeler, R. C. 1997. Structural Analysis, Prentice-Hall.

[4] Livesley, R. K. 1964. Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis. Pergamon Press.

[5] Bray, K. H. M., Croxton, P. C. L. and Martin, L. H. 1976. Matrix Analysis of Structures. Hodder Arnold, London, UK..

[6] Sack, R. L. 1989. Matrix Structural Analysis PWS-Kent Publishing Company

Inertia Braking System for Two Wheelers

Author: Vinoth. B

Abstract— Each and every parts of a two wheeler has been designed well even though some times the braking system of a two wheelers shows poor performance. When the vehicle comes without brakes it turns the passengers into unsafe situation while riding the vehicle. So we should have a brake in our two wheelers which must deliver an optimum performance. The braking force is mainly depends on the following two factors one is normal reaction of the rear wheels and another one is coefficient of friction between road and tyres. Whenever the vehicle is loaded the normal reaction of the rear wheels also increases. So there is only minimum braking force is requires stopping the vehicle. When the vehicle is running at high speed with fewer loads it will become out of control. If we apply brake in this condition it will make a heavy injury, because the kinetic energy of a vehicle while running stored its total mass. In this paper the inertia force which helps the vehicle while braking without any skidding. Thus the system can deliver an effective braking performance then traditional one.

Keywords— Inertia, internal expanding brakes, friction, torsional spring, sprocket, transmission system, stopping distance.

References-

[1] Mansour Hadji, Hosseinlou, Hadi Ahdi and Vahid Hematian “A study of the minimum safe stopping distance between vehicles in terms of braking system, weather and pavement conditions. “Indian Journal of Science and Technology, ISSN:0974-6846, vol.5, No.10, 2012.

[2] Jimenez and Felipe, “Analysis of the vehicle Dynamics using Advanced Instrumentation. Fistia World Automotive Congress, Barcelona, 2004.

[3] Hans-Christofklein, “Brake force control and distribution in passengers cars”, Today and in the future, 845062, SAE India, 1984.

[4] Loe, C-H., Lee, J-M., Choi, M-s., Kim, C-K, and Koh, E-B, “Development of a semi-emperical program for predicting the breaking performance of a passenger vehicle”, International Journal of Automotive Technology. Vol.12, No.2, pp.193-198, 2011.

[5] Chin, Y.K., Lin, W.C., Sidlosky, D.M., and Spurschu, M.S, “Sliding-mode ABS wheel control”, Proceedings of American Control Conference, pp.79-85, 1992.

[6] Ebner H and Kuhn, W. “Electronic brake force distribution control sophisticated addition to ABS”. SAE Transactions, vol.101, No.6, pp.877-883, 1993.

Performance of the Cross Flow Regenerator Used in Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification

Authors: Archit Kumar Vias, Rakesh Thakur

Abstract-The regeneration of the desiccant solution used in the dehumidification process is very important to further dehumidify the air. The process of regeneration was carried out in packed structure regenerator. For the regeneration process, the vapor pressure in the desiccant solution should be higher than the vapor pressure in the air. The flow here is cross-flow between the solution and the air. The performance of the regenerator is expressed in terms of various parameters like mass evaporation rate, concentration change and regenerator effectiveness. The desiccant solution used is TEG and the packing used in the regenerator is PVC frill.

Keywords-TEG, regenerator, desiccant & PVC packing.

[1] S.A. Abdul-Wahab, Y.H. Zurigat, M.K. Abu-Arabi, (2004), “Air dehumidification by triethylene glycol desiccant in a packed column”, Energy Conversion and Management, pp. 141–55.

[2] Y.H. Zurigat, M.K. Abu-Arabi, S.A. Abdul-Wahab, (2004), “Predictions of Moisture Removal rate and Dehumidification Effectiveness for Structured Liquid Desiccant Air Dehumidifier”, Energy, pp 19-34.

[3] C.K. Chau and W.M. Worek, (2009), “Cosorption Processes of Triethylene Glycol in a Packed Bed Liquid, desiccant Dehumidifier,” HVAC &Research, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp 189-210

[4] S. A. Abdalla, Kamal N. Abdalla,(2006),”A Radiant AirConditioning using Solar-Driven Liquid Desiccant Evaporative Water cooling”, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2006) pp 139- 157.

[5] Mei VC, Lavan Z. Performance of cross-cooled desiccant dehumidifiers. Trans ASME J solar energy 1983; 105:300-304.

[6] Nelson DJ, Wood BD. Evaporation rate model for a natural convection glazed collector/regenerator. Trans ASME J solar energy engng 1990; 112:51-57.

[7] Hajji A,Khalloufi S, Improving the performance of adsorption heat exchanger using finned structure. Int J heat mass transfer 1996; 39(8):1677-1686.

[8] Gandhidasan P. A simple analysis of an open regeneration system. Solar energy 1983; 31(3):343-345.

Reducing Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Oradea Landfill by Generating Renewable Energy from Landfill Gas

Authors: Ion Vasile-Emilian, Laslo Eugen, Ionescu Vlad-Sebastian

Abstract— Ecological municipal landfills should address several issues related to environmental protection related to protecting the environment against air pollution by greenhouse gases and against water pollution. Landfill gas contains about 50% CH4 and 50% CO2, gases with strong greenhouse effect, and is recommended to burn it with flares or use in turbines or internal combustion engines to produce electricity and heat. Leachate is a highly polluted landfilled waste product and must be treated before release into the environment. Accurate estimation of the amount of landfill gas generated and possibly to be recovered, allow the design of a modular power generation system which allow to add or remove modules at the optimum time, depending on the amount of landfill gas generated and recovered. Landfill gas emissions in the atmosphere can thus be calculated and reduced.

Keywords— Renewable energy, landfill gas, greenhouse gases, municipal solid waste, landfilling.

References-

[1] Hans Oonk, OonKAY! Methane From Landfills, Methods To Quantify Generation, Oxidation And Emission; 2010

[2] http://www.epa.gov/ttn/catc/dir1/landgem-v302-guide.pdf

[3] http://www.uzletsor.hu/cms/nrgagent/save/download/13-nrgagentbemutatkozprospektus-rom.pdf

[4] Dinesh Surroop, Romeela Mohee, ”Power generation from landfill gas”, 2011 2nd International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications, IPCBEE vol.17 (2011), IACSIT Press, Singapore

[5] http://www.climatechangeconnection.org/Emissions/CO2_equivalen ts.htm

The Validity of Geostatistical Analyst in Determining the Risky Zones of Highways and Planning New Roads.

Author: Ismail Bulent Gundogdu

Abstract-In urban planning, the development of the city for the future must be controlled. Therefore, in the city planning phase, it is necessary to plan for all events. By applying Geostatistical Analyst (GA), this study differs from previous studies which have determined the hot spots using linear analysis. The aim is to map and determine graduated hot or safe zones using not only traffic accident numbers but also other traffic accident criteria (AC). AC1 is the number of mortalities criterion, AC2 is the number of injured people criterion, AC3 is number of accidents with damage only criterion. First, all data were examined using statistical analysis. Second, probability and prediction maps were produced by kriging interpolation methods for future planning. The last aim is to illustrate maps with different properties in order to provide a guide for new routes or settlement planning.

Keywords- Geostatistical Analyst; GIS; kriging; probability maps; prediction maps; traffic accidents

References-

[1] Arslan, F., 2007. Emniyet Genel Müdür Yardımcısı. http://www.trafik.gov.tr/icerik/bildiriler/A6-87.doc

[2] Editorial., 2008. Urban transportation planning in transition. Transport Policy. 15, 66-72

[3] Seto, E.Y.W., Holt, A., Rivard, T., Bhatia, R., 2007. Spatial distribution of traffic induced nnoise exposures in a US city: an analytical tool for assessing the health impacts of urban planning decisions. International Journal of Health Geographics. 6:24.

[4] Wamsler, C., 2006. Main streaming risk reduction in urban planning and housing: a challenge for international aid organisations. Blackwell Publishing. USA.

[5] Stathopoulos, A., Dimitriou, L., 2008. Fuzzy modelling approach for combined forecasting of urban traffic flow. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 23, 521-535.

[6] Hansen, D., Lauritsen, J M., 2010. Identification of black spots for traffic injury in road intersections dependence of injury definition. Injury Prevention Vol. 16, pp:261-267

[7] Prasannakumar ,V., Vijith, H., Charutha, R., Geetha, N. 2011. Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Road Accidents: GIS Based Analysis and Assessment In International Conference: Spatial Thinking and Geographic Information Sciences 2011, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 21:317-325

[8] Yemefack, M., Rossiter, D.G., Njomgang, R., 2005. Multiscale characterization of soil variability within an agricultural landscape mosaic system in Cameroon. Geoderma 125 (1-2), 117-143

[9] Leopold, U., Heuvelink, G.B., Tiktak, A., Finke, P.A., Schoumans, O., 2005. Accounting for change of support in spatial accuracy assessment of modelled soil mineral phosphorous concentration. Geoderma 130 (3-4) 368-386

[10] Lopez, G, F., Jurado, E., M., P., Barragan, C., G., Torres, L., 2005. Using geostatistical and remote sensing approaches for mapping soil properties. European Journal of Agronomy. 23 (33), 279-289

[11] Pleydell, D.R.J., Rasul, F., Tourneux, F., Danson, F.M., Graham, A.J., Craig, P.S., Giraudoux, P., 2004. Modelling the spatial distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in foxes. Acta tropica 91 (3), 253-265

[12] Desbarats, A.J., Logan, C.E., Hinton, M.J., Sharpe, D.R., 2002. On the kriging of the water table elevations using collateral information from a digital elevation model. Journal of Hydrology 255 (1-4), 25- 38

[13] Finke, P.A., Brus, D.J., Bierkens, M.F.P., Hoogland, J., Knotters, M., de Vries, F., 2004. Mapping groundwater dynamics using multiple sources of exhaustive high resolution data. Geoderma 123 (1-2) 23-39

[14] Rivoirard, J., 2002. On the structural link between variables in kriging with external drift. Mathematical Geology 34 (7) 797-808

[15] Lloyd, C.D., 2005. Assessing the effect of integrating elevation data info the estimation of monthly precipitation in Great Britain. Journal of Hydrology 308 (1-4), 128-150

[16] Hengl, T., Heuvelink, G.B.M., Rossiter, D.G., 2007. About regression-kriging: From equations to case studies. Computers & Geosciences, 33, 1301-1315

[17] Shinn, N.J., Bing-Canar, J., Cailas, M., Peneff, N., & Binns, H., 2000. Determination of spatial continuity of soil lead levels in an urban residential neighborhood. Environmental Research Section A, 82, 46–52.

[18] Boruvka, L., & Kozak, J., 2001. Geostatistical investigation of a reclaimed dumpsite soil with emphasis on aluminum. Soil and Tillage Research, 59, 115–126.

[19] Biester, H., Muller, G., & Schoer, H.F., 2002. Estimating distribution and retention of mercury in three different soils contaminated by emission from chlor-alkali plants: Part 1. The Science of the Total Environment, 284, 177–189.

[20] Hill, L., Rybar, J., Baird, S., Concha-Garcia, S., Coimbra, R., Patrick, K. 2011. Road safe seniors: Screening for age-related driving disorders in inpatient and outpatient settings. Journal of Safety Research.42-3, pp165-169.

[21] Pan, F., Zhu, P., 2011. Design optimisation of vehicle roof structures: benefits of using multiple surrogates. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 16-1, pp85-95.

[22] Yu, R., Abdel-Aty, M. 2013. Investigating the different characteristics of weekday and weekend crashes. Journal of Safety Research. Vol. 46, pp91-97

[23] Gu, X., Sun, G., Li, G., Huang, X., Li, Y., Li, Q. 2013. Multiobjective optimization design for vehicle occupant restraint system under frontal impact. Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization. 47-3, p465-477.

[24] Pearce, JL; Rathbun, SL; Aguilar-Villalobos, M; Naeher, LP. 2009 Characterizing the spatiotemporal variability of PM2.5 in Cusco, Peru using kriging with external drift Atmospheric Environment, 43; 12; p2060-p2069

[25] Laguardia, G., 2011 Representing the precipitation regime by means of Fourier series. International Journal of Climatology. 31- 9, p1398-1407

[26] Kumar, A., Maroju, S., and Bhat, A., 2007., Application of ArcGis geostatistical analyst for interpolating environmental data from observations. Wiley Interscience DOI 10.1002/eg. 10223

[27] Ahmadi, S.H., Sedghamiz, A., 2007. Geostatistical analysis of spatial and temporal variations of groundwater level, Environ Monit Assess 129, pp:277-294

[28] Johnston, K., Ver Hoef, J.M., Krivoruchko, K., and Lukas, N., 2003. Using ArcGis Geostatistical Analyst, ESRI, 300 pp.

VHDL Implementation of High Performance Digital Up-converter Using Multi-DDS Technology for Radar Transmitters

Authors: S. Mounika, K. Sandeep kumar, G. Srujan

Abstract— Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) is a type of frequency synthesizer used for creating arbitrary waveforms from a single, fixed-frequency reference clock. Radar is an object detection system which uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. Digital Up-conversion is the core technology in digital radar transmitter. To achieve high sampling rate, we have to use high clock frequency hence a high hardware clock is required. In this paper we are using the Multi-DDS (10 DDS) technology which is based on parallel processing, a large bandwidth signal can be produced at conditions of a lower hardware clock. This output signal is used to generate the Radar signal with high sampling rate (50 MHz). Similarly Multi-DDS technology gives a high-efficient solution. With this by using lower hardware clock high sampling rate can be achieved. As this paper presents the results based on a system (i.e. Spatarn-3E FPGA) whose clock frequency is 50MHz.

Keywords—Digital Up-conversion, Multi-DDS algorithm, Parallel processing

References-

[1] Ji Liao Xiaoming Ye Xiaoguang Hu Dan Sun Research and Implementation on Multi- DDS Technology in High Performance Digital Up-conversion

[2] Xinsheng Zhang.FPGA Design of a High-efficiency Flexible Digital Up-converter [J]. Microcomputer & applications, 2010

[3] Zhiyong Huo.Research on Radar LFM Signal Generation System Based on DDS [J].Shanxi: Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology, 2004, 19(2).

[4] Xutian Liu Design of Digital Up-converter Based on FPGA [D] Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2009.

[5] Iwabuchi, M., Sakaguchi, K., Araki, K., "Study on multi-channel receiver based on polyphase filter bank," Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2008, pp. 1-7.

[6] Destraz, B., Louvrier, Y., Rufer, A., "High Efficient Interleaved Multi-channel dc/dc Converter Dedicated to Mobile Applications," Proceedings of 41st lAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2006, pp. 2518 – 2523

A Novel Approach for Locating Identification of Similar Records

Authors: Satish B. Wagh , Dr. Varsha H. Patil

Abstract-- With rapid advancement in technology enables high uses of database which causes duplication of database management. The replicated data records generate multiple copies of similar data is associated with record, in completed and also outdated or same data is duplicated in the database. For removing the similar data using various data cleaning software and applications are used. The proposed system for locating identification of similar record helps in combining several different pieces of evidence extracted from the data duplication function helps for identifying whether two entries are in repository same or not. In this approach for automatic adaptation of function are given fixed similar identification boundary for improving accuracy in terms of number of similar records found versus the actual number of duplicate records. This work has been tested on the cora dataset with similar records. System used for locating replica with the help of genetic programming helps in combining evidence extracted from the content and duplication function enables in identification weather two entries present in repository are replicas or not. Additionally genetic programming is capable for automatically adapting this function to a specified similar record identification boundary this genetic programming approach is applied for various database management to find similar records.

References-

[1] oises G. de Carvalho, Alberto H.F. Laender, Marcos Andre Goncalves, and Altigran S. da Silva ,A Genetic Programming Approach to Record DeduplicationIEEE Transaction on knowledge and Data Engineering vol.24,No,.3,March 2012

[2] Agrawal, S. Chaudhuri, G. Das, A. Gionis, Automated ranking of database query results, in: Proceedings of the First Biennial Conference on Innovative Data System Research, 2003Ahmed, C. F., Tanbeer, S. K., Jeong, B.-S., Lee, Y.-K. (2008). Mining weighted frequent patterns in incremental databases. In: Proceeding of the 10th Pacific Rim international conference on artificial intelligence (pp. 933938). Hanoi, Vietnam, December 1519.

[3] Bhattacharya and L. Getoor, Iterative Record Linkage for Cleaning and Integration, Proc. Ninth ACM SIGMOD Workshop Research

[4] Bhattacharya and L. Getoor, Iterative Record Linkage for Cleaning and Integration, Proc. Ninth ACM SIGMOD Workshop Research Issues in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, pp. 11-18, 2004.

[5] .P. Fellegi and A.B. Sunter, A Theory for Record Linkage, J. Am. Statistical Assoc., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 1183-1210, 1969.

[6] S. Verykios, G.V. Moustakides, and M.G. Elfeky, ”A Bayesian Decision Model for Cost Optimal Record Matching,” The Very Large Databases J., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 28-40, 2003.

[7] Bell and F. Dravis, ”Is You Data Dirty? and Does that Matter?, Accenture Whiter Paper, http:/www.accenture.com, 2006.

[8] .R. Koza, Gentic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection. MIT Press, 1992.

[9] M. de Almeida, M.A. Gonalves, M. Cristo, and P. Calado, A Combined Component Approach for Finding Collection-Adapted Ranking Functions Based on Genetic Programming, Proc. 30th Ann. Int’l ACM SIGIR Conf. Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 399-406, 2007.

[10] Zhang, Y. Chen, W. Fan, E.A. Fox, M. Gonalves, M. Cristo, and P. Calado, Intelligent gp Fusion from Multiple Sources for Text Classification, Proc. 14th ACM Int’l Conf. Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 477-484, 2005.

[11] .G. de Carvalho, M.A. Gonalves, A.H.F. Laender, and A.S. da Silva, Learning to Deduplicate, Proc. Sixth ACM/IEEE CS Joint Conf. Digital Libraries, pp. 41-50, 2006.

[12] Bilenko and R.J. Mooney, Adaptive Duplicate Detection Using Learnable String Similarity Measures, Proc. Ninth ACM SIGKDD Int’l Conf. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 39-48, 2003.

[13] Lawrence, L. Giles, and K. Bollacker, Digital Libraries and Autonomous Citation Indexing, Computer, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 67-71, June 1999.

[14] K. Elmagarmid, P.G. Ipeirotis, and V.S. Verykios, Duplicate Record Detection: A Survey, IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Eng., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-16, Jan. 2007. [15] W. Cohen, Data Integration Using Similarity Joins and a Word Based Information Representation Language, ACM Trans. Information Systems, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 288-321, 2000.

[16] C.P. Carvalho and A.S. da Silva, ”Finding Similar Identities among Objects from Multiple Web Sources,” Proc. Fifth ACM Int’l Workshop Web Information and Data Management, pp. 90-93, 2003.

[17] B. Newcombe, J.M. Kennedy, S. Axford, and A. James, Automatic Linkage of Vital Records, Science, vol. 130, no. 3381, pp. 954-959, Oct. 1959.

[18] Freely Extensible Biomedical Record Linkage, http:// sourceforge. net/projectsfebrl , 2011. [19] W. Cohen and J. Richman, Learning to Match and Cluster Large High-Dimensional Data Sets for Data Integration, Proc. Ninth ACM SIGKDD Int’l Conf. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 475- 480, 2002.

[20] Tejada, C.A. Knoblock, and S. Minton, Learning Object Identification Rules for Information Integration, Information Systems, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 607-633, 2001.

[21] Guha, N. Koudas, A. Marathe, and D. Srivastava, Merging the Results of Approximate Match Operations, Proc. 30th Int’l Conf. Very Large Data Bases, pp. 636-647, 2004.

[22] .J. Angeline, Genetic Programming’s Continued Evolution, Advances in Genetic Programming, vol. 2, ch. 1, MIT Press, 1996.

Efficient Weighted Frequent Patterns Mining over Evolving Dataset

Authors: Vijay Subhash Patil, Neeta A. Deshpande

Abstract- Weighted frequent pattern mining is suggested to find out more important frequent pattern by considering different weights of each item. Weighted Frequent Patterns are generated in weight ascending and frequency descending order by using prefix tree structure. These generated weighted frequent patterns are applied to maximal frequent item set mining algorithm. Maximal frequent pattern mining can reduces the number of frequent patterns and keep sufficient result information. In this paper, we proposed an efficient algorithm to mine maximal weighted frequent pattern mining over data streams. A new efficient data structure i.e. prefix tree and conditional tree structure is used to dynamically maintain the information of transactions. Here, three information mining strategies (i.e. Incremental, Interactive and Maximal) are presented. The detail of the algorithms is also discussed. Our study has submitted an application to the Electronic shop Market Basket Analysis. Experimental studies are performed to evaluate the good effectiveness of our algorithm.

References-

[1] Bifet, A., Holmes, G., Pfahringer, B., & Gavaldà, R. (2011). Mining frequent closed graphs on evolving data streams. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGKDD conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2011), San Diego, CA, USA (pp. 591–599).

[2] Cheng, J., Ke, Y., & Ng, W. (2008). A survey on algorithms for mining frequent itemsets over data streams. Knowledge and Information Systems, 16(1), 1–27.

[3] Agrawal, R., & Srikant, R. (1994). Fast algorithms for mining association rules. In Proceedings of the 20th international conference on very large data bases (pp. 487– 499).

[4] C. H. Cai, A.W. fu, C. H. Cheng and W. W. Kwong,”mining association rules with weighted items”.Proc of int. database engineering and application symposiums, IDEAS 98,pp 68- 7,Cardiff, Wales, UK, 1998.

[5] F. Tao,”Weighted association rules using weighted support and significant framework”, Proc. Ninth ACM SIGKDD Int. conference on knowledge discovery and data mining,pp 661-666, 2003.

[6] W. Wang and J. Yang and P.S. Yu,”WAR: Weighted association rules for item intensities”, Knowledge Information and Systems , vol 6, pp 203-229, 2004.

[7] Agrawal, R., Imielin´ ski, T., Swami, A. (1993). Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGMOD international conference on management of data, May (pp. 207–216).

[8] Gouda, K., & Zaki, M. J. (2001). Efficiently mining maximal frequent itemsets. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on data mining (ICDM), San Jose (pp. 163–170).

Secured Authentication Service Using Cloud Architecture

Authors: Anagha Dinkar Dhongade, Niranjan L. Bhale

Abstract - Now a days, maintaining the security of log records is one of the most important task of any organization. Log records often contain sensitive information which should be protected for proper functioning of an organization. But development of such system for protecting log records is an overhead for an organization as well as it requires additional cost. Cloud computing can be used for maintaining security of log records with very less expenses. In this paper, we elaborate the techniques for securely creating, storing and retrieving the log files using cloud-based framework. Keywords- Cloud computing, Logging, Privacy, Security, Confidentiality.

References-

[1] Indrajit Ray,K.Belyaev,”Secure Logging As A Service-Delegating log management to the cloud ”, IEEE Systems Journal,June 2013.

[2] C.Lonvick,The BSD Syslog Protocol,RFC 3164,Internet Engineering Task Force, Network Working Group, 2001.

[3] D. New and M. Rose, Reliable Delivery for Syslog, RFC 3195, Internet Engineering Task Force Network Working Group, Nov. 2001.

[4] M. Bellare and B. S. Yee, “Forward integrity for secure audit logs,” Dept. Computer Science, University of California, San Diego, Tech. Rep., Nov. 1997.

[5] BalaBit IT Security , ”Syslog-ng—Multiplatform Syslog Server and Logging Daemon” Available: http://www.balabit. com/networksecurity/syslog-ng

[6] J. Kelsey, J. Callas, and A. Clemm, “Signed Syslog Messages”, RFC 5848, Internet Engineering Task Force, Network Working Group, May 2010.

[7] D. Ma and G. Tsudik, “A new approach to secure logging,” ACM Transaction Storage, VOL 5, No1, Mar. 2009.

[8] U. Flegel, “Pseudonymizing unix log file,” Infrastruture Security, LNCS 2437. Oct. 2002.

[9] C. Eckert and A. Pircher, “Internet anonymity: Problems and solutions,” 16th IFIP TC-11 Int. Conference. Inform. Security, 2001.

[10] B. Schneier and J. Kelsey, “Security audit logs to support computer forensics,” ACM Trans. Inform. Syst. Security, VOL 2, NO2, May 1999.

[11] J. E. Holt, “Logcrypt: Forward security and public verification for secure audit logs,” 4th Australasian Inform. Security Workshop, 2006.

Wide Band Rate Conversion Using CIC Filters for Wireless Communication Receivers

Authors:Vennached Karunakergoud, D. Kavitha, S. Swetha

Abstract— Cascaded integrator comb (CIC) filters are widely used in multi-rate digital signal processing for both the decimation and interpolation. Digital down converter is plays important role in wireless communication system. In this paper we can design FPGA based optimized decimation filters for wireless communication receivers. Digital down converter(DDC) utilizes the major resources and cost efficient. In DDC we can design DDS to generate the arbitrary wave forms. However the proposed filters is designed to decimate the signal high sample rate to low sample rate. The decimation filter converts the sampling rate 50 MHz to 6.25 MHz by the decimation fctor 8. In the DDC we can implement CFIR and PFIR for efficient result. This architecture will be implemented in VHDL and tested in Xilinx FPGAs. Modelsim is used for simulation and Xilinx ise is used for synthesis report. The design methodology is implemented on Spartan 3E FPGA based xc5vlx110t-3-ff1136 target device. On chip verification can be done on chipscope.

Keywords—CFIR, CIC, DDC, Decimator, FPGA

References-

[1] S. K. Mitra, ―Digital Signal Processing—A Computer Based Approach‖, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2001.

[2] Patrick Longa and Ali Miri ―Area-Efficient FIR Filter Design on FPGAs using Distributed Arithmetic‖, IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, Vol. 4, pp.248-252, 2006.

[3] E. B. Hogenauer, ―An economical class of digital filters for decimation and interpolation‖, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 155–162, 1981.

[4] H. Aboushady, Y. Dumonteix, M. M. Louerat and H. Mehrez, ―Efficient polyphase decomposition of comb decimation filters in Sigma-Delta analog-to-digital converters‖, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 48, No. 10, pp. 898 – 903, 2001.

[5] Gordana Jovanovic Dolecek and Sanjit K. Mitra,"A New Two-Stage CIC-Based Decimation Filter",Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on image and Signal Processing and Analysis , pp. 218 – 223, 2007.

[6] Gordana Jovanovic-Dolecek and Sanjit K Mitra, ―On Design of CIC Decimation Filter with Improved Response‖, IEEE 3rd International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing, pp. 1072 - 1076, 2008.

[7] D.J. Allred, H. Yoo, V. Krishnan, W. Huang, and D. Anderson, ―A Novel High Performance Distributed Arithmetic Adaptive Filter Implementation on an FPGA‖, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP‟04), Vol. 5, pp. 161-164, 2004.

[8] Ricardo A. Losada and Richard Lyons,‖Reducing CIC Filter Complexity‖,IEEE Signal Processing magazine, pp.124-126,July 2006.

[9] F.J.A. de Aquino, C.A.F. da Rocha, and L.S. Resende, ―Design of CIC filters for software radio system‖, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, pp. III-225- 228, May 2006.

[10] R. Uusikartano and J. Takala, ―Power-efficient CIC decimator architecture for fs/4-downconverting digital receivers‖, IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 3, pp. 1315 – 1318, Dec. 2004.

[11] M Madheswaran and V Jayaprakasan ―Implementation and comparison of different CIC filter structure for decimation‖, ICTACT journal on communication technology, Vol: 04, Issue: 02, pp. 709-716, June 2013.

[12] V Elamaran, R Vaishnavi, A Maxel Rozario, Slitta Maria Joseph and Aylwin Cherian, ―CIC for decimation and interpolation using Xilinx System Generator‖, IEEE International conference on Communication and Signal Processing, pp. 622-626, April 2013.

[13] Matthew P. Donadio, ―CIC Filter Introduction‖, IEEE International Symposium on Communications , pp. 1-6, July 2000.

[14] Ramesh Bhakthavatchalu, Karthika V.S., Lekshmi Ramesh and Budhota Aamani, ―Design of Optimized CIC Decimator and Interpolator in FPGA‖, IEEE International Multi-Conference on Automation, Computing, Communication, Control and Compressed Sensing (iMac4s), pp. 812-817, 2013.

[15] Xilinx, Inc., ―Virtex-V platform FPGA handbook‖, Vol.3, No. 1, 2012.

An Energy Efficient Multicast Routing Approach for MANET

Authors: Divya Gupta, Madhulika Sharma

Abstract— Due to highly dynamic and distributed characteristics of nodes in MANET, energy efficiency is considered an important issue. This is also important because MANET do not have fixed infrastructure and nodes are depends on their battery power. Failure of one node, due to battery energy loss, may affect the entire network. In this paper, we have proposed an energy efficient congestion control approach that minimizes the total energy cost of the multicast tree. In the first phase of the proposed solution, a multicast tree routed at the source is built by including the nodes with higher residual energy towards the receivers. In the second phase an admission control scheme is proposed in which a multicast flow is admitted or rejected depending upon on the output queue size. Because of the on-the-spot information collection and rate control, this scheme has very limited control traffic overhead and delay.

Keywords— Congestion Control, Energy Efficiency, Mobile ad-hoc Network (MANET), Multicasting, Routing Protocol

References-

[1] Kowsar, S., and Asaduzzaman, I. C., 2012. An Energy Efficient and Cooperative Congestion Control Protocol in MANET, International Journal of Computer Applications, Volume 58, Number 17, pp.27- 34, November 2012.

[2] Vijayan, R., Mareeswari,V., Samyukta, V. 2013. Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Routing Protocol through Cross Layer Interactions in MANET, International Journal of Engineering & Technology (0975- 4024);Apr/May2013, Vol. 5 Issue 2, pp. 1147.

[3] Sreenivasa, B. C., BhanuPrakash,G. C.and Ramakrishnan,K. V. 2011. A survey on congestion control techniques in AD-HOC network, Adoc Network, Elixir Adoc Net. 32 (2011),pp. 2061-2067

[4] Reddy, T. S., Reddy; P. C., 2012. OCC: Ordered congestion control with cross layer support in Manet routing. (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2012.

[5] Paliwal, N. & Prakash, S., 2013. Energy Efficient And Congestion Controlled Relay Node assignment in Cooperative Ad Hoc Network, International Journal Of Computer Networking, Wireless And Mobile Communications (IJCNWMC), Vol. 3, Issue 4, Oct 2013, Pp. 67-76.

[6] Baboo, S. and Narasimhan, B., 2009. An Energy-Efficient Congestion-Aware Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, & Telecommunication Technologies, 2009. ACT '09, Kerala, 28-29 Dec 2009, pp. 344-350.

[7] Mirhosseini, S. M. and Torgheh, F.,2011. ADHOCTCP: Improving TCP Performance in Ad Hoc Networks, Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks: Protocol Design, Prof. Xin Wang (Ed), pp. 121-140.

[8] Lochert, C., Scheuermann, B. and Mauve, M., 2007. A survey on congestion control for mobile ad hoc networks: Research Articles.Wireless Communiation and Mobile Computing, 2007.

[9] Fotino, M. and De Rango, F, 2010. Energy Issues and Energy aware Routing in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks, nternational Journal of Communication System, Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks: Protocol Design pp. 281-296.

[10] Heinzelman, W. R., Chandrakasan, A. and Balakrishnan, H., 2000. Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks, in Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Siences (HICSS-33 '00), January 2000.

Implementation of Dynamic Switching Type Signal Generation on FPGA for Navigation Receivers

Authors: K. Sumalatha, D. Kavitha, Surya Mukhi

Abstract— The important role in navigation test, radio navigation generator is widely used in the people/military plane. Modulation switching is the main concept in this paper. In the previous we are using only AM modulation type of testing the navigation receivers. But todays communication systems use more than one modulation technique. So a new kind of digital navigation signal generator is designed that supports several modulation techniques. Those are AM, FM, BPSK, QPSK. So depends upon our requirement we are automatically switching from one modulation technique to another modulation technique. Therefore, in this paper a new idea is provided for radio navigation system design and test. This signal generator can be widely applied to debugging use of people/military plane radio navigation.

Keywords— ADC, DAC, DDS signal generator, FPGA (Spartan-3E), Microblaze, Navigation.

References-

[1] Peng Yuan, Li Yong, Duan Jiaqi and Liu Xiaoyang, " Design of Digital Signal Generator of Radio Navigation Based on MicroBlaze”,978-1-61284-486-2/11 ©2011 IEEE.

[2] M.Cunbao, Z.Tianwei and L.Hongjuan, "Communication Navigation and Radar of Civil Aircraft," Civil Aviation Engineering College, NPU, 2000.

[3] X.Song, "Reasearch on software radio compass technology," University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2007.

[4] L.QIN, D.Liebo and W.Peng, "Design of Simulative Satellite Image Resource System Based on FPGA," Journal of Test and Measurement Technology, vol. 23, Mar.2009, pp. 261-265, doi: CNKI: SUN: CSJS.0.2009-03-015.

[5] Z.Mingjie, G.Wei, "Design of GPS IF signal generator in FPGA," Information Technology, NO.8, Aug.2008, pp. 56-58, doi: CNKI: SUN:HDZJ.0.2008-08-021.

[6] L.Xiaoming and Q.xiujie, "Application of DDSIFPGA in Signal Generator Systems," Modem Electronics Technique, vol. 29, Sep.2006, NO.9, pp.78-79, doi: CNKI:ISSN:I004-373X.0.2006-09- 027.

[7] Y. Yong and Z.xiaolin, "Design and Implementation of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis Sine Wave Generator Based on FPGA," Journal of Electron Devices, vo1.28, NO.1, Mar.2005, pp: 596-599, doi:cnki:ISSN: 1 00 5-9490 .0.200 5-03-034.

[8] A.Grama and G.Muntean. "Direct digital frequency synthesis implemented on a FPGA chip," the 29th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Nano Technologies for Electronics Packaging, May.2006, pp. 92-97, doi: 10.1109/ISSE.2006.365365

[9] D.J.Betowski and V.Beiu, Considerations for phase accumulator design for Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks and Signal Processing, Dec.2003, pp: 176-179, doi: 10.ll09/ICNNSP.2003.1279240.

[10] Rajib Das, “FPGA Implementation of Digital Modulation Schemes: BPSK and QPSK Using VHDL”, International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology(IJECT), Vol. 5, Issue Spl - 2, Jan - March 2014.